IDEA议会制四队辩论赛规则 - 图文 (5)

they might argue that the role of government is to protect its citizens and only by regulating mines can the government fulfill this role. C. An examination of pragmatic considerations. This kind of extension is particularly appropriate when the first proposition team argued from a philosophical rather than a pragmatic stance. Had the first proposition team made such a philosophical argument in support of the motion, then the second proposition team might choose to extend with pragmatic considerations like saving lives or mining efficiency. An examination of different groups affected. This kind of extension supports the plan of the first proposition team by considering how it effects some group or group other than that group identified by the first proposition team. For instance, if the first proposition team argued that the plan helps coal miners, the second proposition team might argue that the plan helps Chinese citizens in general. 民，只有通过规范采矿，它才能行使其职责。 C．从实用性角度的分析 当正方一队从哲学角度而不是实用性角度来辩论，这种方法对于二队尤为适合。如果正方一队已经从价值观角度提出了有利于辩题的观点，正方二队就可以选择从实用性角度来扩展论辩，比如，从减少伤亡和提高采矿效率方面。 D．从其他利害相关者者角度分析 正方一队提出的政策可能会影响到一些利害相关者，那么正方二队可以通过举出利害相关者来支持本方。比如，一队指出其政策有利于矿工，二队可称，这个政策也有利于全体中国公民。 III. 进行“扩展论辩”的方法 A. 正反方二队表明与一队有何不同。 B. 正反方二队如何在一队基础上强化己方立场。 C. 正反方二队如何发展己方一队没有充分阐释的观点 D. 正反方二队如何深入拓展己方一队的观点。 D. III. Ways to discuss your extension A. How you differ from the First Proposition or Opposition B. How you add to the stance taken by the First Proposition or Opposition C. How you complete something the First Proposition or Opposition was missing. D. How you expand upon some point(s) made by the First Proposition or Opposition. Student Exercise for Creating Extensions I. II. Divide students into small groups. Starting with the proposition and opposition arguments that they created earlier, ask students to create their own extensions. These extensions should follow one or more of the methods discussed above: additional line of argumentation, alternative philosophical consideration, alternative pragmatic consideration, or application to a different group. Repeat the exercise until all methods have been used. Each group will appoint a spokesperson to discuss their arguments with the larger group. III. 学生练习：“扩展论辩” Ⅰ. 把学生分成若干小组。 Ⅱ.请学生在他们之前建立的观点基础上进行“扩展论辩”。这些扩展应当遵循以上提到的一种或几种方法：新增论证单元，从价值观角度，实用性角度，或其他利害相关者者角度进行分析。重复轮流练习这些方法。 Ⅲ. 每个小组派一名代表在全班讨论他们的观点。

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