2012职称英语理工A答案(试卷代号13)(11)

nced as an instant kung-fu download, and it s not as sleek as cognitive inception, but it s still an important finding that could lead to new teaching and rehabilitation techniques. Future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician, and use them as a benchmark for teaching another person a new activity, according to the researchers.

Scientists from Boston University and ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Kyoto used functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, to study the learning process. They were examining the adult brain s aptitude for visual perceptual learning, or VPL, in which repetitive training improves a person s performance on a particular task. Whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an ongoing debate in neuroscience. Led by BU neuroscientist Takeo Watanabe, researchers used a method called decoded fMRI neurofeedback to stimulate the visual cortex. First they showed participants circles at different orientations. Then they used fMRI to watch the participants brain activity. The researchers were then able to train the participants to recreate this visual cortex activity. The volunteers were again placed in MRI machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors. The participants were asked to “somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain” to make a solid green disc as large as they could. They were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc, but they weren t told anything about what the disc meant. The researchers watched the participants brain activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices.

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