Engineering Emergence(2)

Artificial emergence: visions and nightmares The visions of Drexler and others of molecular nanotechnology will be realised sometime. The vision is appealing — trillions of tiny autonomous machines creating useful products or cleaning up after us, using t

ofspace.Fromthisobservations,wedevisedathree-partarchitectureforemergentsystems[4].Wespeculatethatanycomplexsystemwithrequiredemergentpropertiescomprises,

elements(cells,nanites,ants,etc),describedbysimplestatebehaviouralproperties

detectableemergence(patterns,constructionsetc),describedintermsofthephysicalrealityorphysicalproperties

arepresentationorenvironment,supportingmappingsbetween,andpossiblyinteractingwiththeotherparts.

Wespeculatethatsomearchitecturalpartscanbedevelopedbydirectapplicationofexistingen-gineeringtechniques.PartofTUNA,forexample,isinvestigatingformalmodellingandre nementofaspectsoftheplateletsystem.

ConceptsandLayers

Havingestablishedanengineering-friendlyarchitecture,wearenowexploringmorethoroughlypatternswithineachpart.

CAmodelsemployonly“upwardcausation”:yersandcausationhavelongbeenstudiedinthecontextofemergence[1],and,whenwemovebeyondsimpleCAs,wetoo ndaneedtoincorporate“downwardcausation”.

InTUNA,wearelookingattheoreticaldesignsforarti cialbloodplatelets.OnesimulationusesastochasticCAwithupwardcausationtoarepresentation.Themodelisbasic;asplateletscluster,theymoveveryslowly,andriftsopenintheclustersastheymove.However,bymigratingthecontrolofclusteringandmovementoutoftheCA,weachieveahigher-layermodelthatiscapableofrespondingtoenvironmentalin uences;inkeepingwithreality,thehigherlayerexhibitsrelativelocationandrelativemotion.Atthelowerlevel,theCAupdate,stillsynchronisedattheCAlevel,occursinresponsetosignalsfromthehigherlayer.Anicefeatureofthismodel(underdevelopmentbyP.H.WelchandF.R.M.Barnes,UniversityofKent,usingoccam-π[2,6])isthatvisualrepresentationscanbeattachedeithertothelowlevel(toobserveabsolutelocationsandthewayplateletspassthroughthemovertime),orthehigherlevel(toobservetheemergentbehaviourofclustersofplatelets)[5].

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