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1 第七章 定语从句

主句、从句、关系词

相关概念

关系副词

关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如： We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better.

He has reached the point where a change is needed. That is no reason why you should leave. This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)

例句：This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.

主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后

的部分，是句子的主句。 (例句中，This is the boy.是主句。) 定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或

代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。） (例句中，who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句，修饰the boy。) 先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总

是出现在定语从句的前面。 (例句中，the boy是先行词。) 关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系

代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。) 关系词的三个作用

作定语从句的一个句子成分。

起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。

代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词the boy。）

关系代词

基础过关

1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。

The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter.

The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith.

A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan. I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the sea.

A letter ______ /______ is written in pencil is hard to read.

The letter ______ / ______ /______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

That is the boy ______ / ______ / ______ / ______ you are looking for.

Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting？

This is the school ______ I used to study.

I still remember the day ______ we met for the first time.

2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。 主句：______ 定语从句:（ ） 先行词：先行词 关系词： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for).

The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought the book which we talked about？

指人时可以用who, 也可用that。

Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?

The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom’s uncle.

指物时可以用which, 也可用that。

I like visiting places which/that are not far away.

How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday.

whose可以指人也可以指物。

He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time.

The tree whose leaves are red was planted last year. 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。

I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.

Do you know the boy who/whom/that/( ) we talked about just now?

注：（）表示关系代词省略

I still remember the day which we spent together last week.

He still lives in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.

The girl who you met was John’s sister.

There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.

The days were gone when we had to travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born?

They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark.

关系词的选择

找：（略）

还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为： I once studied at the school.

The school is the most famous in the city. My father teaches English at the school.

粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。

替换：根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。

因此，答案为：1.where；2. that/which；3. where

关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首

【2009江西】The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。

利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词 Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. that B. what C. how D. why Is this the reason ______ he was so careless in his work?

A. that B. what C. how D. why The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was ill.

A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what He lives in a village ______ is not far from the city. A. which B. where C. what D. whose He lives in the village ______ he was born. A. which B. where C. what D. whose

In an hour, we travel to places ______ could have taken our ancestors days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what In an hour, we travel to places ______ we can relax and get refreshed.

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