Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes ) Section A
A rat or pigeon [?p?d??n] 鸽子 might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 K superior skills that could help the treatment of human diseases. Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 D nuisance , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 M tip of your index finger（食指）, pigeons have a very impressive 29 O visual memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate [??kj?r?t]精确的 as humans at detecting（探测，检查） breast（胸部） cancer in images（影像）. Rats are often 30 A associated with spreading disease rather than 31 F preventing it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 H sensitive . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect __33 I slight smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB(肺结核). When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub（擦，摩擦） their legs to 34 C indicate a sample is infected. Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 B examine , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.一只老鼠或鸽子可能不是照顾生病的人的明显选择，但这些生物拥有大约的高级技能，可以帮助治疗人类疾病。
鸽子通常被视为肮脏的鸟类和城市的滋扰，但它们只是最近发现的一长串动物，有能力帮助人类。尽管有大脑 不大于28米的食指尖，鸽子有一个非常令人印象深刻的视觉记忆。最近的研究表明，他们可以被训练得和人类一样精确地在图像中检测乳房。
大鼠通常与传播疾病有关，而不是阻碍，但这种长尾动物高度敏感。在老鼠的鼻子里有多达1000种不同类型的奥尔法 而人类只有100到200种类型。这使大鼠有能力检测出轻微的气味。结果，一些老鼠被投入到检测结核病(肺结核)的工作中。当 老鼠发现了气味，他们停下来，把腿摩擦，表明样本被感染了。
传统上，一百个样本需要实验室技术人员两天以上的时间来进行检测，但对于一只老鼠，它所需的时间不到20分钟。这种老鼠检测方法不依赖于专家装备。这也是更准确的-老鼠能够发现更多的结核病感染，因此，拯救更多的生命。 Section B
Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?.在课堂上考试使学生学习更努力吗？ Research suggests they may study more broadly（完全地; 大体上） for the unexpected rather than search for answers研究表明，他们可能会研究更广泛，以寻找意想不到的答案，而不是寻找答案。我一直是个很差的应试者。所以我回来了可能有点奇怪
44[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree（省略了that的定语从句） I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal言语的; 口头的 answer while I am still processing[?pr??ses]n.（ 过程; 工序vt. 加工; 处理） the question.我一直是个很差的考生。因此，我回到大学完成了40年前未完成的学位，这似乎有点奇怪。我要通过哥伦比亚大学 在我还在处理这个问题的时候，学生们迅速地提供了口头的答案。
40[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently（当前，目前）questioning what kind are the most taxing（繁重的，费力的） and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated（流汗；做苦工） through numerous [?nju:m?r?s]in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues（发布） take-home ones. I was excited
1
when I learned this, figuring（算出） I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due（应有的权利; 应得到的东西;）. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.由于我没有办法避免考试，我目前在质疑哪种考试最费钱，最终是有益的。我已经在无数的期中和期末考试中汗流浃背。 现在我有一位教授负责给我带回家。当我学到这个的时候，我很兴奋，我想我有整整一周的时间来做研究，阅读课文，然后把它全部写出来。事实上，我还在 在我期中考试即将到来的那一天。说我把线弄丢了，这是温和的说法。
38[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp（控制; 控制力; 能力所及） of it, I did some of my own polling（对…进行调查） among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety（多样化）. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. ―That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,‖ he explained, ―Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.‖当我经历了一周的焦虑，过度思考和猜测我对它的掌握时，我在学生和教授中做了一些自己的调查。大卫·艾森巴赫，教流行音乐 在哥伦比亚大学的美国总统的班级，更喜欢课堂上的各种.。他相信学生最终会学到更多的东西，并鼓励他们组成学习小组。―这样，他们就可以在历史上进行社交活动了。 他解释道：―课堂考试没有压力，课堂考试就不会发生，而且，课堂考试迫使学生学习如何在压力下表演，以及基本的滑雪作业。
39[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled ―Introduction To Congress.‖ Some colleges have what they call an ―honor code,‖ though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around）（绕开） any codes（ 行为准则; 代码） or hopefully, too ethical [?eθ?kl] （adj. 道德的） to consider doing so. As I sat blocked（封锁的） and clueless （无能的） for two solid[?s?l?d]（固体的; 实心的; 结实的，可靠的） days, I momentarily [?m??m?ntr?li]（马上） wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling （解决）, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.他还说，在课堂上作弊的可能性较小。2012，有125名哈佛学生被发现在一次带回家的考试中作弊，从而卷入了一桩丑闻。 题为―国会简介‖的班级。有些大学有他们所谓的―荣誉守则‖，但如果你足够聪明进入这些学校，你要么聪明到可以绕过任何一所学校。 或者希望是太道德了，不能考虑这么做。当我坐在那里呆了两天，毫无头绪的时候，我突然想，如果我不能找一个专家来研究我所做的事情，我会不会感到困惑？ 或者是以前上过课的人，让我开始上课。
37[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean [di:n]教务长 of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from（忍住; 制止） take-home exams. ―Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty[?f?klti](能力，才能; 全体教职员)offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,‖ she told me. ―Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention [r??ten?n](保留; 记忆力).‖在哈佛丑闻之后，耶鲁大学前系主任玛丽·米勒(MaryMiller)强烈呼吁该校的教授们不要参加磨练考试。―学生的健康和健康受到威胁。 她对我说：―除了在其他期末工作中的表现外，教师们还会在没有明确、有时间限制的情况下提供带回家的考试。‖。―现在的研究表明，定期的测验，短文 ，以及其他学期的作业，更能加强学习和留用。―
43[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism[?d??:n?l?z?m](新闻学; 新闻工作) , on the other hand, are often more research-oriented( 定向的) and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches ―History of Broadcast Journalism‖ at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. ―In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,‖ says Koch. ―There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.大多数大学教授都认为他们选择的考试类型主要取决于这门学科。例如，一个基于数量的方法不太可能被送回家，在那里你可以问他们的哥哥们。 和姐妹们一起帮忙。另一方面，职业类课程，如计算机科学或新闻学，往往更注重研究，并适合于带回家进行测试。克里斯·科赫，世卫组织Teac 马里兰州罗克维尔蒙哥马利社区学院的―广播新闻史‖指出，报道是关于调查的，而不是对细节的记忆。―在我的小说里 科赫说：―事实上，这不是你所知道的--而是你知道如何发现。‖。―有太多的信息，
2
而且越来越多的时刻到来，任何人都无法记住。我要我的学生去找 他利用所有可用的资源来回答问题。
42[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. ―I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit [?ed?t]( 编辑; 校订) and do more research,‖ says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, ―I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow（吞，忍受） information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.‖ Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore [?s?f?m?:(r)] at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. ―If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze [bri:z]（ 微风; 轻而易举的事）.‖学生的考试形式偏好也各不相同，往往取决于科目和课程难度。―我更喜欢带回家的文章，因为它实际上是关于写作的，所以你有时间来编辑和做。 ―更多的研究，‖Barnard的一名三年级学生伊丽莎白·德雷塞尔说。还有压力因素。米德尔伯里的大四学生弗朗西丝卡哈斯说：―我发现课堂上的学生在短期内压力更大。 术语，但是当你像疯了一样吞下信息，你就会立刻得到解脱，然后你就会忘记它。带回家需要深思熟虑的参与，这可能会导致长期压力，因为有新的。 等时间到了。―。与此同时，埃默里大学二年级的奥利维亚鲁宾(OliviaRubin)表示，她甚至几乎不考虑参加真正的考试。―如果你了解材料，并且有发音的能力 (说出)你的想法，应该是轻而易举的。―
41[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare [re?(r)] folks ['f??ks] （人们; 家属） who fit both those descriptions.学生最终如何处理压力可能取决于他们的个人应试能力。有些人总是等到最后一刻，使事情变得比实际需要困难得多。然后 在那里，那些不知道有什么问题在向他们提出，而且没有资源可供参考的人，可以冻结。然后，我们也有罕见的人，他们符合这两种描述。
36[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor（vt. 把…因素包括进去） into the equation [??kwe??n] (等式), in part because of my inability toaccess the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, toldme, ―We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Ourfellow（ 同伴; 男子adj. 同伴的; 同事的） students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last inschool.‖是的，我的高龄必须考虑到方程式(等式)，部分原因是我无法快速地获取这些信息。作为哥伦比亚大学的另一名返校学生，凯特·马伯告诉我：―我们是利亚。 不仅是这些信息，而且本质上是如何重新学习。我们的同学刚从高中毕业。自从我们上一次上一所学校以来，已经发生了很多变化。
45[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When Iasked his opinion on this matter, he responded, ―I like in-class exams because the time isalready reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,‖ he responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two inadvance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking [?t?k??]（发出滴答声;） clock overhead.如果没有其他的事，情况已经给我上大学的儿子和我分享的东西，当我问他对这件事的，看来他回答说：―我喜欢在课堂考试，因为已经预留了时间，为 他回答道：―我反对利用我在家的空闲时间去做一个测试。‖在我看来，妥协的办法是提前一两天收到考题，然后再做实际的测试。 把倒计时的钟记在头顶上。
[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her finalexam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, ―It is going to be apiece of cake.‖ When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.更好的是，据报道一位亨特学院教授最近为期末考试做了什么：她鼓励全班学生不要有压力，甚至不要学习，并承诺说：―这将是每一个c级的学生。 阿克―。学生们进来时，手里拿着铅笔，眼前看不到一本蓝色的书。相反，他们看到了一个巨大的巧克力蛋糕，他们每人都得到了一片。
36. Elderly [?eld?li] 较老的 students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education. 37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately[??lt?m?tli]最后more helpful to students. 39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams. 40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult thanthey actually are.
3
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type ofcourse being taught. 44. The author dropped out of退学 college some forty years ago.
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time. Section C
Passage One
Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the ―first-night‖ effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.
Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.
46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it. B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial. 47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep. B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins D) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns. 48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment. B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences. C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains. D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects. 49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment? A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains. B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment. C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli. D) She compared the responses of different participants.
50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others. B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
4
C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps. D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones. Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.
Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling ―very tired‖ or ―exhausted‖, according to a recent study.
This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying \to any request is often ―Yes, I can.‖
Women struggle to say ―no‖ in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say \
At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even
if that means doing the boring work themselves.
This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.
51. What does the author say is the problem with women? A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach. B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job. C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go. D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability. 52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy? A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home. B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result. C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates. D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities. 53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women? A) Their unwillingness to say ―no‖. B) Their desire to be considered powerful. C) An underestimate of their own ability. D) A lack of courage to face challenges.
54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______. A) women tend to be easily satisfied B) men are generally more persuasive
C) men tend to put their personal interests first D) women are much more ready to compromise 55. What is important to a good leader?
A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failure B) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility. Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
5
华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。
答案：Huashan(Mount Hua) is situated in Huayin City, 120 kilometers away from Xi'an. It ispart of the
Qinling Mountains, which divides not only Southern and NorthernShaanxi, but also South and North China. Unlike Taishan, which became a popularplace of pilgrimage, Huashan was not well visited in the past because it is dangerousfor the climbers to reach its summit. Huashan was also an important place
frequentedby immortality seekers, as many herbs grow there especially some rare ones. Sincethe installation of the cable cars in the 1990s, the number of visitors hasincreased significantly.
6
华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。
答案：Huashan(Mount Hua) is situated in Huayin City, 120 kilometers away from Xi'an. It ispart of the
Qinling Mountains, which divides not only Southern and NorthernShaanxi, but also South and North China. Unlike Taishan, which became a popularplace of pilgrimage, Huashan was not well visited in the past because it is dangerousfor the climbers to reach its summit. Huashan was also an important place
frequentedby immortality seekers, as many herbs grow there especially some rare ones. Sincethe installation of the cable cars in the 1990s, the number of visitors hasincreased significantly.
6
搜索“diyifanwen.net”或“第一范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读，第一范文网，提供最新外语学习阅读备课材料全文阅读和word下载服务。
相关推荐：
嫣然若夕