Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·浙江)
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce
litter,including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台).The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in
California,including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ arguments:many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags,which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its
replacement:reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is,the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However,longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑) these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在美国,一些地区禁止使用塑料袋,然而有一部分科学家却被塑料袋制造商雇佣,来证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样糟糕,到底是使用塑料袋、环保袋,还是有更好的选择?
1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do? A.Help increase grocery sales. B.Recycle the waste material. C.Stop things falling off trucks. D.Argue for the use of plastic bags. 答案D 解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.”可知,Steven Stein的工作是保护塑料购物袋背后的行业,为其辩护,故选D项。 2.What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?
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A.Bans on plastic bags. B.Effects of city development. C.Headaches caused by garbage. D.Plastic bags hung in trees. 答案A 解析词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知,美国施行了许多关于禁止使用塑料袋的办法,塑料袋制造商雇佣像Stein这样的科学家,来证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样糟糕,因此headwinds指代前面施行的禁止使用塑料袋的法令,故选A项。
3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers? A.They are quite expensive. B.Replacing them can be difficult. C.They are less strong than plastic bags. D.Producing them requires more energy. 答案D 解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段的第三句“However,longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.”可知,制造使用更持久的环保袋通常需要更多的能量,这是它们的弊端,故选D项。
4.What is the best title for the text? A.Plastic,Paper or Neither
B.Industry,Pollution and Environment C.Recycle or Throw Away
D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control 答案A 解析主旨大意题。纵观全文及文章最后一段可知,本文主要介绍了塑料袋与环保袋的使用问题。最后,作者表明,环保人士希望有一天环保袋也能够被更好的可再生的袋子所替代,故A项最能全面地概括本文的主旨。
B
(2018·浙江杭州教学质量检测)
What horrors hide in our subconscious (潜意识)?According to a new French study on sleep-talking,researchers found the most commonly used word is “no”,and the French swearword (骂人的话) “putain” occurred,reports the New York Times,“800 times more often in sleep than when awake”.The study also found that men sleep-talked more than women and used more swearwords.
Sleep-talking is a form of sleep disorders.“In my experience,it can be linked to the nervous system being overactive,which can be related to the overuse of technology before bed or too much coffee,” says Dr Nerina.“But these sorts of behaviours can happen with people who are quite hard on themselves.They’re perfectionists,but they
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often hold back on saying what they really want to say.When they go to bed at night,it comes out into the sleep.”
The idea that you can find someone’s deepest secrets while they are asleep is irresistible.There are apps that record sleep-talking.But can you admit to a murder in your sleep?Or to having a lover?Prof.Horne suggests we shouldn’t read too much into what is said.“Sleep-talking tends to occur in very light sleep,” he
says.Sleep-talking isn’t related to dreaming but to the lighter sleep.It’s really the wanderings of a rather confused mind.”
It is much more common in children,and the majority of people grow out of it.“Anxiety and stress tend to bring it on,” says Horne.“Sleep-talkers are generally reflecting some sort of aspect of a worry.I think it’s best not to place too much concern on sleep-talking and not take the words said by someone seriously.”
However,sleep-talking might tell you one thing.Someone who often does it is probably quite anxious and it might be a good idea to find out what is worrying them.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。梦呓,即说梦话,属于睡眠障碍的一种,常与神经系统的过度活跃有关。梦呓产生的原因有很多种,大多是由于焦虑引起的,但对于梦呓,我们无需太过担心。 5.What can we learn from the text?
A.Swearwords occur more often when people are awake. B.Adults sleep-talk less since they are happier than kids. C.Sleep-talking has an obvious connection with dreaming. D.People don’t need to worry too much about sleep-talking. 答案D 解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“it’s best not to place too much concern on sleep-talking”可知,人们对于梦呓没必要太过于担心。故选D项。
6.According to the text,the most likely cause of sleep-talking is . A.hard work and lack of sleep B.advances in modern technology C.one’s deepest secrets D.constant worry and tension 答案D 解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Anxiety and stress tend to bring it on.”以及“Sleep-talkers are generally reflecting some sort of aspect of a worry.”可知,梦呓主要是由于持续的紧张担忧等情绪引起的。故选D项。 7.What is the text mainly about? A.How subconscious works. B.When sleep disorders arise. C.What sleep-talking means. D.Why people feel anxious.
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答案C 解析主旨大意题。文章主要是围绕“梦呓”这一话题展开阐述的,介绍了梦呓的起因及人们对此应该持有的态度等。故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018·浙江温州一模)
Mum said they might not be back until after eleven.My brother Greg and I 1 to play hide-and-seek.But there was not much 2 except in the front room.The 3 was that we were not allowed in there by ourselves. 4 ,we just took the risk.
Once there,both of us were cautious and moved about 5 for some while.Then,when I hid behind a tapestry (壁毯), 6 by my brother,I jumped out.With a sense of 7 ,I felt my right elbow (手肘) striking something hard.We heard a crash.Even 8 we dared to look,we knew that the vase lay broken.
When Mum and Dad came home and viewed the pieces,we knew any 9 would only serve to fuel their anger.Mum ordered us to sit on the bare floor,beside the ruin.She cried,“How 10 the two of you have done this?” Greg and I,too 11 to cry,could voice no answer.After a while,she 12 us and stayed there alone by herself,much like a statue.
Greg and I 13 throughout that night,struggling to decide what we might do to 14 for it.We hoped with the money we had saved we might just have 15 to buy a vase.The next day,we set off to search 16 every local shop until we found a good copy.
When we 17 home in silence,we 18 Mum and Dad with what we’d bought.Dad 19 out,took it from Greg and then passed it to Mum.She sighed,“You broke our Ming vase.” But we believed they knew we were 20 .
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。兄弟俩在家里玩捉迷藏时不小心把一个很贵重的花瓶摔碎了。兄弟俩认识到了自己的错误,最后他们用自己存下来的钱买了一个花瓶作为赔偿。 1.A.decided B.expected C.pretended 答案A 解析根据文章第一句“Mum said they might not be back until after eleven.”可知,母亲说他们可能要到11点以后才回来,所以“我”和Greg才决定(decided)玩捉迷藏。expect“期望”;pretend“假装”;happen“碰巧”。 2.A.time C.light 答案B 解析句意:除了前屋外,其他地方都没有足够的空间(space)供“我们”玩捉迷藏了。 3.A.puzzle C.problem
B.reason D.answer B.space D.work D.happened
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