毕业设计 - 应变式力传感器

沈阳航空工业学院北方科技学院毕业设计（论文）

应变式力传感器的设计

专 业 班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师

自动化 07084310 200713072005

王帅 刘涛

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摘 要

本文主要介绍应变式力传感器的设计及应用。当今时代，传感器技术已形成为电子工业基础产品的一个独立门类，是信息社会的重要技术基础，应变式力传感器用作静态、动态条件下测力或称重，在我国工业生产过程检测与控制、自动计量等领域已大量应用。随着技术进步以及用现代电子信息技术改造传统产业的深入，其需求量日趋增加。在本文中主要介绍传感器的工作原理，电阻应变片的基本工作原理，传感器的选择材料，弹性元件的选择，应变式传感器的结构与设计。以及简单介绍电阻应变式力传感器的两种应用形式，柱式力传感器，梁式力传感器及它们胶的粘贴类型及工艺原理，最后介绍温度补偿方法等。

关键词：力传感器；电阻应变片；电桥；线性度

沈阳航空工业学院北方科技学院毕业设计（论文）

Abstract

The article main introduced the variant force sensor design and its application. In Current era, transducer technology has already developed to an independent class of for electronics industry basic product and has been an important technological foundation of information society. The strain type strength transducer is used as measured the strength or weighed in the static, dynamic condition, measured and controlled, automatic gauge and so on is already a large amount of application in the industrial production process of our country. With the deepening reformation of the traditional industry with the modern electronic information technology and the technological development, it’s demanding increases day by day. This essay Mainly introduce the operation principle of the transducer, the basic operation principle of Resistance Strain slice ,the choice of material of the transducer, the choice of the elastic component, structure and design of the Strain type strength transducer ; And introduced two kinds of applied forms of the resistance Strain type strength transducer briefly, column type strength transducer, beam type strength transducer, and Pasting the type of their glue and craft principle, recommend the compensation method of temperature and so on finally. Have looked forward to current situation and prospect of the strain type strength transducer briefly.

Keywords: Force transducer; Resistance Strain slice; Electric Bridge; Linear degree

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目 录

1 引言 ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题研究背景 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外发展动态 ......................................................................................................... 1 2 传感器的相关知识 ........................................................................................................... 3 2.1 传感器概念 ................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 传感器的工作原理 ..................................................................................................... 3 2.3 传感器的组成结构 ..................................................................................................... 5 3 电阻应变片的相关知识 ................................................................................................... 7 3.1 电阻应变片的结构和工作原理 ................................................................................. 7 3.2 电阻应变效应 ............................................................................................................. 8 3.3 电阻应变片的种类及材料 ....................................................................................... 10 3.3.1 电阻应变片的种类 ............................................................................................ 10 3.3.2 电阻应变片的材料 ............................................................................................ 13 3.4 金属应变片的主要特性 ........................................................................................... 14 4 电阻应变式力传感器的设计 ......................................................................................... 19 4.1 柱形应变式力传感器 ............................................................................................... 19 4.1.2 利用拉伸与压缩应力的称重传感器 ................................................................ 20 4.1.3 柱式称重传感器的误差来源 ............................................................................ 23 4.2 梁式力传感器 ........................................................................................................... 23 5 粘贴技术及稳定处理 ..................................................................................................... 28 5.1 应变片粘贴技术 ....................................................................................................... 28 5.1.1 粘结剂的选择? ................................................................................................ 28 5.1.2 应变计的粘贴? ................................................................................................ 28 5.2 弹性元件材料的稳定处理 ....................................................................................... 29 6 电阻应变式传感器的信号处理电路 ............................................................................. 32 6.1 转换电路 ................................................................................................................... 32 6.2 直流电桥 ................................................................................................................... 32

沈阳航空工业学院北方科技学院毕业设计（论文）

7 结论 ................................................................................................................................. 38 8 结束语 ............................................................................................................................. 39 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................. 40 致 谢 ................................................................................................................................. 41

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