中俄贸易存在的问题及对策探析

摘 要

伴随着经济全球化的大趋势，区域经济一体化也在快速发展，各国之间的经济联系日益紧密。作为山水相连的友好邻邦，中俄两国不仅在地域上关系紧密，两国经济的互补性也很强，双边贸易潜在市场巨大。不仅如此，俄罗斯国土辽阔， 自然资源十分丰富，工业基础和科技实力雄厚，与我国的经济状况形成互补性的格局。但是，就目前来看，由于受俄罗斯经济转轨、中国企业缺乏高新技术、中俄贸易间固有的“灰色清关” 等因素的影响，中俄两国的双边贸易仍存在着一些问题，导致中俄两国的贸易合作远远落后于政治合作。因此，在当前中俄经济加速发展的新形势下，双方必须携手来推动两国经贸合作开创新局面、迈上新水平，以适应经济全球化这一发展总趋势。本文通过中俄贸易发展的现状来探讨中俄贸易存在的问题，从政府及企业两个角度提出促进中俄贸易发展的对策：制定贸易体制及政策法规、建立中俄信息沟通体系、提高政府扶持力度、加强高新技术商品化、产业化合作、培养高层次技术贸易人才等，以加强两国经贸领域的合作，促进中俄两国的经济沿着健康、稳定、有序、快速的轨道发展。

关键词：中俄贸易；贸易壁垒；贸易环境；对策

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Abstract

Along with the trend of economic globalization, regional economic integration is developing rapidly, the economic relation between countries become close increasingly. As friendly neighbors, China and Russia are not only have close relationship in geographically but also the strong economies ties between each other, the bilateral trade potential market is huge. However, for now, due to many factors, such as transition of the Russian economy, Chinese enterprises lack the high-technology, China-Russian trade inherent in the \trade between China and Russia, which led to the China-Russian trade cooperation lags far behind the political cooperation. Therefore, under the development of a new China-Russian economic situation, both sides must work together to promote economic and trade cooperation between the two countries to create a new situation up to a new level to adapt to this development trend of economic globalization. In this paper, by analyzing the trade development between China and Russia, we discuss the problems in China-Russian trade, the promotion of China-Russian trade in the development of countermeasures: the development of the trading system , the policies and regulations, establishing the information communication system between China and Russia, government support from the government and enterprises of the two angles , strengthen high-technology commercialization, industrialization, cultivating high-level technical trade professionals to strengthen the bilateral economic and trade cooperation, promoting the economy of China and Russia develop in a stable healthy and fast track

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way.

Key words: China-Russian trade; trade barriers; trade environment; countermeasures

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目录

前言 ................................................................. 1 1中俄贸易的发展历程 ................................................. 2

1.1 双边贸易额较快增长阶段(1992-1993年) .......................... 2 1.2 低水平徘徊发展阶段(1994-1998年) .............................. 2 1.3 进入稳定发展阶段(1999年-至今) ................................ 3 2中俄贸易现状........................................................ 4

2.1 金融危机后双边贸易快速增长 .................................... 4 2.2 一般贸易占主导地位 ............................................ 5 2.3 私营企业进出口居首位 .......................................... 5 2.4 贸易结构有所改善 .............................................. 6

2.4.1 商品贸易结构 ............................................ 6 2.4.2 投资结构 ................................................ 8 2.4.3 劳务和工程承包 .......................................... 8 2.4.4 技术贸易 ................................................ 8

3中俄贸易存在的问题 ................................................. 9

3.1 中俄贸易结构失衡 .............................................. 9

3.1.1 商品贸易结构失衡 ........................................ 9 3.1.2 服务贸易结构失衡 ....................................... 10 3.1.3 区域贸易结构失衡 ....................................... 10

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3.2 贸易限制较多 ................................................. 11

3.2.1 关税壁垒限制 ........................................... 11 3.2.2 技术壁垒限制 ........................................... 11 3.2.3 投资壁垒限制 ........................................... 12 3.3 贸易环境欠佳 ................................................. 12

3.3.1 信息数据不一致 ......................................... 12 3.3.2 银行机构运作不规范 ..................................... 13 3.3.3 法律法规不健全 ......................................... 13

4中俄贸易问题存在的原因 ............................................ 14

4.1 俄罗斯经济转轨 ............................................... 14 4.2 “灰色清关” 不利中俄贸易健康发展 ............................ 15 4.3 中国企业缺乏高新技术 ......................................... 15 5优化中俄贸易发展的对策 ............................................ 16

5.1 充分发挥政府职能 ............................................. 16

5.1.1 制定贸易体制及政策法规 ................. 错误！未定义书签。 5.1.2 加强引导提升中俄投资与工程劳务合作的层次 ............... 17 5.1.3 提高政府扶持力度 ....................................... 17 5.1.4 建立中俄信息沟通体系 ................................... 18 5.1.5 加强人文交流，带动旅游服务业 ........................... 18 5.2 提高企业自身竞争力 ........................................... 19

5.2.1 加强高新技术商品化、产业化合作 ......................... 19

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