Growth and accelerated differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on graphene oxide(9)

JournalofMaterialsChemistryBPaper

25/05/2015 04:20:30.

adsorbents(Fig.7).TheadsorbedamountwasexpressedinmgcmÀ2ofsubstrates.Itwasfoundthatthe(GO/PLL)4?lmcouldlargelyadsorbdexamethasone(10mM),glycerolphos-phate(10mM),ascorbicacid(10mM),withtheloadingamountof629,384and194mgcmÀ2ofsubstratebyday3,respectively.ThehighadsorptioncapacityoftheGO/PLL?lmandtheGO-coverslipfordexamethasonemaybeattributedtothep–pstackingbetweenthearomaticringsintheorganicmoleculesandthegraphenebasalplane.Asfortheadsorptionofb-glyc-erolphosphate,theelectrostaticattractionbetweentheanionsandthepositivelychargedPLLmoleculesfromtheGO/PLL?lmaswellasthePLL-coverslipcouldplayamajorroleduringtheadsorptionprocess.Whileinthecaseofascorbicacid,the2H.Lu,N.Kawazoe,T.Kitajima,Y.Myoken,M.Tomita,A.Umezawa,G.ChenandY.Ito,Biomaterials,2012,33,6140.3M.F.Pittenger,A.M.Mackay,S.C.Beck,R.K.Jaiswal,R.Douglas,J.D.Mosca,M.A.MoormanandD.W.Simonetti,Science,1999,284,143.

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hydrogen-bondbetweenascorbicacidandGOshouldbeconsideredtopushtheadsorptionofascorbicacidintotheGO/PLL?lmandtheGO-coverslips.Therefore,itmaybededucedthatthehighadsorptioncapacityoftheGO/PLL?lmforthesechemicalinducerscouldcausetheinducerstobelocallyconcentratedonthe?lmtofacilitatecell–substrateinteractionsresultingingreatenhancementofosteogenicdi erentiationofMSCs.

4Conclusions

Insummary,anewtypeofGO/PLLcomposite?lmshasbeenfabricatedviaLbLassemblyinamildandinexpensiveway,whichcouldbeapplicabletootherkindsofbiomacromoleculessuchaschitosan,gelatin,etc.IthasbeendemonstratedthattheGO/PLLcomposite?lmcouldenhancethedi erentiationofMSCstotheosteoblastlineagewithoutin?uencingtheshapeandthegrowthofMSCs.Moreover,comparedtothecommer-cialmaterialssuchasTCPSorglasscoverslips,theGO/PLL?lmcouldobviouslypreconcentratetheosteogenicinducers,i.e.dexamethasone,b-glycerolphosphateandascorbicacid.Itmightplayakeyroleinthesigni?cantenhancementofosteo-genicdi erentiationofMSCsonthecomposite?lm.Overall,theGO/PLL?lmaswellasthe?lmfabricationstrategycouldbepromisingforclinicalapplicationsintissueengineeringorregenerativemedicinewitheasyfabrication,biocompatibility,andversatility.

Acknowledgements

W.Q.thanksDrQingminJiandDrKatsuhikoAriga,Interna-tionalCenterforMaterialsNanoarchitectonics(MANA),NationalInstituteforMaterialsScience(NIMS),fortheirtech-nicalsupportsandvaluablediscussions.Thisworkwas?nan-ciallysupportedbytheNationalNatureScienceFoundationofChina(no.21003084,21375075),theStudentResearchTrainingProgramofQufuNormalUniversity(no.2013A046),andtheTaishanScholarFoundationofShandongProvince,China.

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