致癌物分类

致癌物分类

IARC根据对人类和对实验动物致癌性资料，以及在实验系统和人类其他有关的资料(包括癌前病变、肿瘤病理学、遗传毒性、结构—活性关系，代谢和动力学，理化参数及同类的生物因子)进行综合评价，将环境因子和类别、混合物及暴露环境与人类癌症的关系分为下列五类四组： 第一类：致癌

组1，对人类是致癌物。对人类致癌性证据充分者属于本组。如吸烟和二手烟。

第二类：很可能致癌

组2，对人类是很可能或可能致癌物。又分为两组，即组2A和组2B。 组2A，对人类很可能(probably)是致癌物，指对人类致癌性证据有限。对实验动物致癌性证据充分。如生产艺术玻璃、常用电吹风的理发师。 第三类：可能致癌

组2B，对人类是可能(possible)致癌物，指对人类致癌性证据有限，对实验动物致癌性证据并不充分；或指对人类致癌性证据不足，对实验动物致癌性证据充分。 第四类：未知

组3，现有的证据不能对人类致癌性进行分类。 第五类：很可能不致癌

组4，对人类可能是非致癌物。 编辑本段致癌物五类明细表

IARC专家组在2010年1月最新报告对834种环境因子和类别、混合物及暴露环境与人类癌症关系评价结果，

其中组1有100种，组1B有68种，组2B有246种，组3有516种，组4有1种。

IARC对化学物质引起人类癌症危险性评价，是目前公认的权威性资料。在要了解某种化学物的致癌性时，应首先查阅IARC的资料(网址http：193．51．164．11/monoeval/crthgr01．html)。

毒理学网 2010年1月12日

Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans (100) Agents and groups of agents

4-Aminobiphenyl [92-67-1] (Vol. 1, Suppl. 7; 1987)

Arsenic [7440-38-2] and arsenic compounds (Vol. 23, Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB:

This evaluation applies to the group of compounds as a whole and not

necessarily to all individual compounds within the group) Asbestos [1332-21-4] (Vol. 14, Suppl. 7; 1987) Azathioprine [446-86-6] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987) Benzene [71-43-2] (Vol. 29, Suppl. 7; 1987) Benzidine [92-87-5] (Vol. 29, Suppl. 7; 1987)

Benzo[a]pyrene [50-32-8] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

(NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 1 based on mechanistic and

other relevant data)

Beryllium [7440-41-7] and beryllium compounds (Vol. 58; 1993) N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-naphthylamine (Chlornaphazine) [494-03-1] (Vol.

4, Suppl. 7; 1987)

Bis(chloromethyl)ether [542-88-1] and chloromethyl methyl ether [107-30-2]

(technical-grade)

(Vol. 4, Suppl. 7; 1987)

1,4-Butanediol dimethanesulfonate (Busulphan; Myleran) [55-98-1] (Vol. 4,

Suppl. 7; 1987)

Cadmium [7440-43-9] and cadmium compounds (Vol. 58; 1993) Chlorambucil [305-03-3] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987) 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (Methyl-CCNU;

Semustine) [13909-09-6] (Suppl. 7; 1987) Chromium[VI] (Vol. 49; 1990)

Ciclosporin [79217-60-0] (Vol. 50; 1990)

Cyclophosphamide [50-18-0] [6055-19-2] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987)

Diethylstilboestrol [56-53-1] (Vol. 21, Suppl. 7; 1987) Epstein-Barr virus (Vol. 70; 1997)

Erionite [66733-21-9] (Vol. 42, Suppl. 7; 1987)

Estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy (combined) (Vol. 72, Vol. 91; in

preparation)

Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined) (Vol. 72, Vol. 91; in

preparation)

(NB: There is also convincing evidence in humans that these agents confer

a protective effect against cancer in the endometrium and ovary) Estrogens, nonsteroidal (Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: This evaluation applies to

the group of compounds as a whole and not necessarily to all individual

compounds within the group)

Estrogens, steroidal (Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: This evaluation applies to

the group of compounds as a whole and not necessarily to all individual

compounds within the group)

Estrogen therapy, postmenopausal (Vol. 72; 1999)

Ethylene oxide [75-21-8] (Vol. 60; 1994) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

from 2A to 1 with supporting evidence from other relevant data) Etoposide [33419-42-0] in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin (Vol. 76; 2000)

Formaldehyde [50-00-0] (Vol. 88; 2006)

Gallium arsenide [1303-00-0] (Vol. 86; 2006) [Gamma Radiation: see X- and Gamma (g)-Radiation]

Helicobacter pylori (infection with) (Vol. 61; 1994)

Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with) (Vol. 59; 1994) Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with) (Vol. 59; 1994) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (infection with) (Vol. 67; 1996)

Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59

and 66 (Vol. 64, Vol. 90; in preparation) (NB: The HPV types that have

been classified as carcinogenic to humans can differ by an order of

magnitude in risk for cervical cancer)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (Vol. 67; 1996) Melphalan [148-82-3] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7; 1987)

8-Methoxypsoralen (Methoxsalen) [298-81-7] plus ultraviolet A radiation

(Vol. 24, Suppl. 7; 1987)

MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents (Suppl. 7; 1987)

Mustard gas (Sulfur mustard) [505-60-2] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7; 1987) 2-Naphthylamine [91-59-8] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7; 1987)

Neutrons (Vol. 75; 2000) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 1

with supporting evidence from other relevant data) Nickel compounds (Vol. 49; 1990)

N‘-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) [16543-55-8] and

4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone (NNK) [64091-91-4]

(Vol. 37, Suppl. 7, Vol. 89; in preparation) (NB: Overall evaluation

upgraded from 2B to 1 based on mechanistic and other relevant data)

[Oestrogen: see Estrogen]

Opisthorchis viverrini (infection with) (Vol. 61; 1994) [Oral contraceptives, combined estrogen-progestogen: see Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined)] Oral contraceptives, sequential (Suppl. 7; 1987) Phosphorus-32, as phosphate (Vol. 78; 2001)

Plutonium-239 and its decay products (may contain plutonium-240 and other

isotopes), as aerosols (Vol. 78; 2001)

Radioiodines, short-lived isotopes, including iodine-131, from atomic

reactor accidents and nuclear weapons detonation (exposure during

childhood) (Vol. 78; 2001)

Radionuclides, a-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Vol. 78; 2001)

(NB: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for

carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)

Radionuclides, b-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Vol. 78; 2001)

(NB: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for

carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)

Radium-224 and its decay products (Vol. 78; 2001) Radium-226 and its decay products (Vol. 78; 2001) Radium-228 and its decay products (Vol. 78; 2001)

Radon-222 [10043-92-2] and its decay products (Vol. 43, Vol. 78; 2001)

Schistosoma haematobium (infection with) (Vol. 61; 1994) Silica [14808-60-7], crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartz or

cristobalite from occupational sources) (Vol. 68; 1997) Solar radiation (Vol. 55; 1992)

Talc containing asbestiform fibres (Vol. 42, Suppl. 7; 1987) Tamoxifen [10540-29-1] (Vol. 66; 1996) (NB: There is also conclusive

evidence that tamoxifen reduces the risk of contralateral breast cancer)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin [1746-01-6] (Vol. 69; 1997) (NB:

Overall evaluation upgraded from 2A to 1 with supporting evidence from

other relevant data)

Thiotepa [52-24-4] (Vol. 50; 1990)

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