博士研究生英语综合教程答案及参考译文(3)

2. propulsion

3. probed

4. interstellar

VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? RHETORIC ? SIMILE AND METAPHOR

I. Complete the following similes with the words given, using one word once only.

1. as drunk as a ___ bear 11. as cool as ___ cucumber______

2. as faithful as a ___ dog_____ 12. as white as ____ snow ________

3. as greedy as ____Jew_____ 13. as cunning as a ____ fox__________

4. as rich as _____ king_____ 14. to fight like a ____ _lion_________

5. as naked as a ___ frog_____ 15. to act like a stupid __ ass_________

6. as red as a _ _lobster_ 16. to spend money like __ water_______

7. as beautiful as a _ butterfly__ 17. to eat like a _ wolf________

8. as busy as a ____ bee______ 18. to sleep like a _____ log ______

9. as firm as a ____ rock _____ 19. to swim like a ____ fish________

10. as rigid as a ___stone____ 20. to tremble like a _____ _ leaf_________

II. Explain the following metaphors.

1. Creaking doors hang the longest.

creaking door: anything or anybody in a bad condition

2. I could hardly put up with his acid comment.

acid comment: bitter remark.

3. Her eyes were blazing as she stormed at me.

blazing: filled with anger

stormed: shouted; screamed

4. She burnt with love, as straw with fire flames.

burnt with love: extremely excited with love

5. The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters.

a red flag: a danger signal (that might stop the support of many voters)

6. The charcoal fire glowed and dimmed rhythmically to the strokes of bellows.

glowed and dimmed: became bright and gloomy

7. The city is a jungle where nobody is safe after the dark.

a jungle: a disorderly place

8. To me he is power—he is the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, the stinging centipede.

the primitive, the wild wolf, the striking rattlesnake, and the stinging centipede: the most terrifying creature

Text 8 Blinded By The Light

I. Vocabulary

1. A

2. C

3. A

4. C

5. D

6. A

7. B

II. Rhetoric

1. riveted

2. pack

3. pours

4. creeps

III. Mosaic

1. 开音节发字母读音, 如A, B and C.

2. (Omitted)

3. (Omitted)

4. C

5. D

6. D

7. C

8. A

IV. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. The energy released from nuclear fusion is much more than that from nuclear fission, and the radioactivity

given out from fusion is only one hundredth of that from fission. The major fuel used for nuclear fusion is hydrogen and its isotopes, deuterium and tritium, among which deuterium could be directly extracted from sea water. The energy of deuterium contained in one liter of sea water is equal to 300 liters of petroleum.

In the ocean there are about 35,000 billion tons of deuterium, which could be used for more than one billion years. Compared to the fission energy, the fusion energy on the earth is nearly limitless.

V. Grouping

A. Nuclear-fusion:

the doughnut-shaped hollow, reactor, the Tokamak Fusion reactor, fusion, generate, consume

B. Verbs related to nuclear-fusion reaction:

ignite, release, stick

C. Excitement and cool-down:

not a few tears, The experiment is an important milestone, but fusion power is still along way . . . , But no one knows for su re whether…, Even then it will take decades of engineering before…

1. nuclear fusion

2. repel

3. blast

VI. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? R HETORIC ? METONYMY AND SYNECDOCHE

I. Study the uses of metonymy in the following sentences and then put them into Chinese.

1.The election benched him in the district court.

他在这次竞选中当上了地区法官。

2.Only a knife can save the patient.

只有进行外科手术该病人才有救。

3.When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen.

战争结束后，他放下了武器、拿起了笔杆子（弃戎从文）。

4.I can‘t figure out the reason why he is so fond of the bottle.

我弄不明白他为什么嗜酒如命。

5.The president thought that it was high time they showed their teeth on that issue.

总统认为现在是他们就此事表现强硬态度的时候了。

II. Paraphrase the use of synecdoche in the following sentences.

1.The radio is out of order.

Something has gone wrong with part of the radio.

2.The kettle is boiling.

The water in the bottle is boiling.

3.Two beers, please.

Two cups/bottles of beer, please.

4.She was dressed in silks and satins.

She was dressed in expensive clothes.

5.The four sails were already back in the harbor.

The four ships were already back in the harbor.

Text 9 Quantum Weirdness

I. Vocabulary

1. B

2. C

3. B

4. D

5. C

6. A

7. B

8. A

9. D 10. D

II. Mosaic

1. (Omitted)

2. (Omitted)

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. 1) B 2) C 3) D 4) D

III. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. The basic element of quantum computers is qubit, about ten of which are needed to be placed on a

chip in building a whole quantum computer. At present, creating qubits is not a simple task, for they are only as big as 1 nanometer, about the size of ten atoms put together. However, it is said that Hitachi Company in Japan is doing the research into qubits in hope of producing a new generation of super high density memory chips. Thus this technology will emerge earlier than we expect it.

IV. Grouping

A.Quantum computing:

interference, dependency, cryptography, parallelism, spin

B.Verbs related to quantum computing:

interfere, reinforce, cancel, factor, zap

C.Problems with quantum computing:

not let you look at intermediate answers without destroying the computation, accomplish something as simple as factoring a number into its pisors

1. collapse

2. zap

3. dependency

4. fragile

5. computing

V. Topics for Discussion and Writing

(Omitted)

WRITING ? R HETORIC ? HYPERBOLE AND UNDERSTATEMENT

I. Paraphrase the uses of hyperbole in the following sentences.

1.I beg 1000 pardons.

I am extremely sorry.

2.She was scared to death.

She was terribly frightened.

3.He knows his job inside out.

He knows exactly what his job is.

4.During the economic crisis prices skyrocketed.

During the economic crisis prices went up too high.

5.The racist rulers drowned the black people in a blood bath.

The racist rulers treated the black people with brutality.

6.The noise was loud enough to wake up the dead.

The noise was too loud.

7.The two views are miles apart.

The two views are quite different.

8.There was not a grain of truth in what he said.

He told a lie.

9.She was reduced to a skeleton after her long illness.

She became very thin after her long illness.

10.Miss Mebbin didn‘t want to render an atom more service than she had been paid for.

Miss Mebbin didn’t want to render any service without being paid.

II. Paraphrase the uses of understatement or litotes in the following sentences.

1.Ask me another question.

I don’t want to answer this question.

2.She is no stranger to hard life.

She has experienced quite a lot of hardships.

3.There is no rule without exception.

This is a special rule.

4.All music is alike to him.

He knows nothing about music.

5.I‘m not ov erjoyed to do this.

I hate to do this.

6.I know you are honest, and I wish I could add you were intelligent.

You are dumb, though you are honest.

7.The boy was impatient of accepted rules and conventions.

The boy was very naughty.

8.He could not rush to safety fast enough.

He was killed.

Text 10 Down to the Sea in Robots

I. Vocabulary

1. C

2. C

3. A

4. D

5. C

6. C

7. A

8. C

9. D 10. B

II. Definition

1. Fail-safe

2. A gyroscope

3. A fuel cell

4. Artificial intelligence

5. an important assignment carried out for political, religious, or commercial purposes, typically involving

travel abroad

6. a set of instructions in some computer language intended to be executed on a computer so as to perform

some task

III. Mosaic

1. 英语字母ar 在重读音节发/ a: /, 如A, C and D.

2. (Omitted)

3. (Omitted)

4. D

5. C

6. C

7. D

IV. Translation

A.(Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)

B. On December 14, 1985, the underwater robot ―Seaman I,‖ designed and manufactured independently by

our country, ped to the sea bottom in the Bay of Daliang. Equipped with several electric screw propellers, it could advance, retreat, make a turn, ―creep across‖ and stay in suspension at any depth in water. With a new type of microbeam TV, it was able to see clearly the target within 20 meters across the pitch-dark seafloor. The sonar ―ear‖ and the over-five-meter-long mechanical hand enabled the robot to perform underwater operation at will under the control of the computer.

V. Grouping

A. Background information of A VUVs:

Ocean V oyager II, Phoenix, Seashuttle, Odyssey

B. Words related to AUVs themselves:

pe, map, artificial intelligence, navigate, module

C. Problems and solutions in the development of AUVs:

devising control software, battery, fuel cell, dead-reckoning, acoustic navigation, sound

generator, inertial navigation, gyroscope

1. hurdles

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