4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn\'t you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn\'t hear it. 5) 否定推测用can\'t。
If Tom didn\'t leave here until five o\'clock, he can\'t be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下： 1)情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
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I don\'t know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3)情态动词+动词完成时。 表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December. 明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。 The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。 4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。 表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5)推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can\'t, couldn\'t表示。 Mike can\'t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。 注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
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情态动词+have+过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 2)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有肯定，谅必的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. ---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示不该做某事而做了。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。 4) needn\'t have done sth本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn\'t have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
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should和ought to
should 和ought to 都为应该的意思，可用于各种人称。 ---Ought he to go? ---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。 had better表示最好
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You\'d better put on my coat. She\'d better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为本来最好。
You had better have come earlier. would rather表示宁愿would rather do would rather not do
would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示宁愿、宁可的意思。
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If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格
课外资讯频道 2010年03月25日 16:45 巧顾课外辅导 [导读]
本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助： 课外服务搜索：
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本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助：
(一)： 独立高考资源网主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词; 名词(代词)+形容词; 名词(代词)+副词; 名词(代词)+不定式; 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 (二) 独立主格结构的特点：
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
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2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
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With的复合结构
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. 典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
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