2013 TEM-4 写作考试作文 - 图文 (8)

TEM-4 Writing

2. 用词汇替代手段体现篇章连贯 A. 近义词和同义词替代

（1）表达观点时常用的同义词或者近义词替代 ① 表达赞同或者肯定常用替代组

be in favor of support be for be of the opinion go along with embrace favor agree with welcome accept side with approve applaud ② 表达否定意见常用替代组

disagree with object to against argue against disapprove be opposed to doubt ③ 最常用的观点动词+正/反观点皆可结构

think hold argue claim in sb.’s opinion feel tend to assume believe as sb. see it express convince suggest prefer grant maintain recognize acknowledge recommend according to sb. from sb.’s stand point from sb’s perspective from sb.’s point of view (2) 后接因果关系时常用的同义或者近义词替换 ① 前果后因

arise from because of since result from derive from on account of because come from owing to be attributed to now that lie in as a result ② 前因后果

result in so account for lead to therefore thus provoke bring out give rise to hence consequently contribute to as a result give occasion to (3) 举实例论证时常用的同义或者近义词替代

For instance firstly second for example In the second place besides in addition above all For one thing secondly what’s more furthermore For anther last above all a case in point Such as in the first place like next But not least first and foremost then (4) 表程度或范围的常用同义或近义词替代

Generally to?degree increasing widely To?extent rapid commonly widespread Dramatic general nationwide evidently Absolutely

(5) 总结时常用的同义词或近义词替换

in a word to sum up shortly by and large briefly all in all to conclude to summarize on the whole in short in summary in conclusion (总结组)

recommend suggest prefer encourage advocate promote expect hope advise (建议组)

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TEM-4 Writing

B．词性变体替代

（1）名词与动词结构互换

① As the ?+动词和 With the +名词+?的互换

As the ?develop/rise/increase/grow/improve? , ? ? With the development/rise/increase of?

② It is +副词+动词过去分词+that?和With the +形容词+名词+介词的互换 widely thought generally recognized It is commonly + acknowledged that ? increasingly accpeted growingly believed interested 11 wide thought general recognition With the common + realization increasing acknowledgement growing acceptance belief interest + in?

(2) 名词与形容词互换

① be of 名词和 be + 形容词的互换

be of importance/concern/popularity?.<==>be +important/concerned/ popular.. ② It is/becomes a +名词+that?/for sb. to do sth.和It is/becomes+形容词+that?/for sb. to do sth It is becomes a fashion/heated discussion that? = it is becomes fashinale/hotly discussed that?

（3）动词和现在分词结构的互换

As sb./sth plays a 形容词+role in 名词和with sb/sth playing a 形容词+role in +名词 As computers/women/children play a vital role in society/ family?

With computers/women/children playing a vital role in society/ family?

3. 地道英语亮点句型 A. 变化多样的观点句型 （1）基本的主谓结构

I think/presume/figure out/believe that/deem/hold?. (2) 丰富的词组结构

e.g. As for me, I can’t side with their opinion.

As far as I am concerned, prefer outdoor activities to indoor exercises. In my opinion,?

From my point of view/ From my viewpoint,?

As regards my suggestion, I would highly recommend they run business on their own.

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TEM-4 Writing

As for my proposals, I would like to suggest that youngsters place more emphasis upon their idols’ precious characters.

Regarding/Concerning the best way to keep healthy, I would recommend regular exercises. (3) 含蓄的间接结构 e.g. It is said that?

It is generally accepted that?

It is universally acknowledged that?

As is generally accepted, a balanced diet can provide a person with the right kind of nutrition required for the operation of our organs.

It seems to be a generally acknowledged assumption that ? We are assured that?

B. 生动的动态句型

中国学生常用be+形容词，there be, need, make和become等英语中俗称的静态结构。而在英语写作中，使用动态动词或词组来代替上述结构能够使语言鲜活起来，特别是用事物作主语，用人常用的动作作谓语来使语言更为生动，例如： 例1．I am so excited to expect an old friend of mine. It gives me a big thrill to meet an old friend.

例2. There have been great changes in the world economy in the past two decades. The world economy has witnessed/seen great changes in the past decades. Great changes of the world economy have taken place in the past two decades. 例3. Barbecue is popular in foreign countries. Barbecue finds its popularity in exotic soil. 例4. People have different views on this issue.

Views on this issue vary from person to person.

例5. The precious quality of helping others makes all his shortcomings less significant. The precious quality of helping others overshadows all his shortcomings.

例6. Those who appreciate the essence of perseverance find it easier to be successful. Success favors those who appreciate the essence of perseverance.

例7. Online games are very harmful to young people’s physical and mental health. Online games undermine/pose threat to young people’s physical and mental health.

C．倒装句型

稍微改变英语基本句型中某一成分的位置，可以起到强调，突出被倒装部分的作用。英语中的倒装句句型可分为： （1）全部倒装

Here, there, now, then, thus等副词或方位词位于句首时，谓语动词常用come, go, be, run 等。但如果主语为代词，则不用倒装。 例1. Here is your letter. 例2. Out rushed the boy.

例3. Higher and higher flew the white balloon till it vanished in the clouds. (2) 部分倒装 ①句首为否定，半否定或具有否定意义的词或词组，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until?, not only?but also?, hardly/scarcely? when, no

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TEM-4 Writing

sooner?than等。

例1 Not for one minute do I think I have any hope of getting promoted. 例2. Little did I know that he is a professor.

例3. In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting 2008

Olympic Games.

②句首以so, nor, neither, only +副词/介词词组/状语从句等。 例1. So busy is the dentist that he has no time to spare. 例2. Only in this way can you learn English well. ③虚拟语气中，倒装代表条件

例1. Were there no light, we could see nothing.

例2. Should he be here next week, he would help us with the problem. ④表示祝愿的句子

例1． May you succeed.

例2. Long live our friendships.

D.双重否定句型

例1．There is hardly anyone in college who doesn’t want to achieve high marks in their

academic study.

例2. He took no little pain over it.

例3. You can’t make something out of nothing. 例4. He has never dissatisfied with his plan.

E. 长短句交替出现，松散句掉尾句交替出现 （1）长短句交替出现

长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句因为使用的定语，状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确，严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句由于字少，直截了当，一般比较简洁，明快，有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在行文中，最好长短句交替使用。

例1．Energy is much needed now. Nuclear plants are clean and economical. They can produce

vast amounts of energy. But people, especially local residents are very concerned about safety. They hold a strong negative attitude toward them.

Nuclear plants are a clean and economical way of producing vast amounts of much-needed energy, though people, especially local residents, who are very concerned about safety, hole a strong attitude toward them.

例2. It is called the “Information Age” now. More and more people join it via the Internet.

People have different reactions to it. Some say the Internet has removed barriers. They think the internet has provided people with immediate success to the world.

An increasing number of people are joining the “Information Age” via the Internet. In

reaction to the phenomenon, some say the Internet has removed barriers and provided people with immediate access to the world. (2) 松散句掉尾句交替出现

掉尾句中次要的信息在前，主要信息在后，将句子的重心置于句尾，旨在造成悬念，引人入胜；而松散句则正好相反，将句义重心放在句首，使主要信息一目了然。就语法结构而言，掉尾句将句子成分中的修饰部分放在主要成分（一般为主谓结构）之前，而松散句则反之。

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TEM-4 Writing

例1． Even today, fire causes millions of pounds’ worth of damage each year both in our cities

and in the countryside despite modern fire-fighting methods. It has been wisely said that fire is a good servant but a bad master.

例2. During their first job, many individuals would develop their important quality of

self-reliance. I gained this strength when my supervisor allowed me to set up and conduct my own survey project.

例3. Since this trend has both advantages and disadvantages, college students should be careful

when they decide whether to take a part-time job or not. I advise them to strike a balance between academic studies and part-time job so as to make the most of the 4-year study in college.

F. 比较句型

善于使用各种比较句型，在写作中会起到亮点的作用。比较级的句型通常有以下几种类别： （1）等比句句型

①主语+谓语+（not/数字as/so+形容词/副词(+a/an+n..)+as+比较对象

e.g. we have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years. He was as experienced as his brother was green.

He is not so quick a learner as his brother.

The advantages are half as influential as the disadvantages the problem brings us. ②主语+谓语+no more/less+形容词/副词+than+对比对象 e.g. Fiction is no less instructive than textbooks is.

Personally, living in the city is no more comfortable than living I the coutry. ③not much ?as?与其说?还不如说?;更多的是?而不是?

e.g. Experience shows that success is not so much due to ability as to zeal.

It was not so much attracted by the plot of the story as by the deep feelings expressed in it. ④ (just) as X is (to) Y, so is A (to)B A对于B，犹如X对于Y e.g. As food is to the body, so is reading to the mind.

Just as honor is a prerequisite for respectability, so is unblemished character a barometer of

integrity. (2) 比较级句型

①主语+谓语+ +形容词/副词+n..+than被比对象

e.g. While achieving success is easier said than done, persistence does in fact pay off.

We must engage in thorough discussions in order to gain a better sense of the most appropriate

and effective way to proceed with the project.

The information I’ve collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge

may be less useful than most people think.

②少数形容词和比较级不用连词than: superior to, inferior, senior, junior, prior to,而不用than

e.g. Comparatively speaking, TV is superior to film for its convenience and comfort as a way of

relaxation.

When it comes to love or friendship, no one is ever inferior to anyone else. ③ the +比较级+the+比较结构 越?越?

e.g. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect, therefore, the harder you work, the more progress

you will make.

The more places you travel, the more knowledge of cultures and customs you will learn.

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