Southampton and The Open University. Preface(12)

Advanced Knowledge Technologies is recognised as a leading research programme conducted at some of the foremost informatics departments in Britain. It is also a training ground for a new generation of researchers. To highlight the work of these students, a

IntegratingKnowledgefortheSemanticWebvia

aweakevidentialapproach.

SamChapman,FabioCiravegna,

DepartmentofComputerScience,UniversityofShe eld

RegentCourt,211PortobelloStreet,She eldS14DP,UK

{S.Chapman,F.Ciravegna}@dcs.shef.ac.uk

1Introduction

TheSemanticWeb,SW,requiressemantically-basedstructuredcontentbothtoenablebetterknowledgeretrievalandempowersemantically-awareagents.OneprerequisitefortheSWisthewidespreadadoptionofstructuredknowledge.

Existingwebpublisherswillnotbeeagertoprovidestructuredcontentwith-

outseeinganyaddedbene tsofdoingso.Thisisaclassicchickenandeggproblem.Sowithoutanyuniversalacceptance,otherautomatedmethodsneedtobeemployedtoprovidestructuredcontentfromexistingunstructuredcontent.Currenttechnologiesavailableforcreatingstructuredcontentaretypicallybasedonhuman-centredannotation,veryoftencompletelymanual,ofdocuments.

Manualannotationismonotonous,time-consumingandcanintroducenoise

[1],beingincompleteorincorrect,hencedecreasingthequalityoftheinforma-tion.Forthesereasons,(andthoseofscalingup),webelievethattheSWneedsautomaticmethodsforannotatingcontent.AutomaticannotationservicessuchasSemTag[4]andArmadillo[5]intendtoautomaticallyprovideSWcontent.Oneproblemwithautomaticallyprovidingcontentisthatnomatterhowgoodasys-tem,errorswillstillbeslowlyintroduced.TheoldArmdadilloversionreducederrorsbysimplyintegratingtheinformationfoundfromnumeroussourceschoos-ingthemostprevelantinstancesasthemostlikely[5].Thisapproach,althoughuseful,ispronetospammingandproblemswithcommonmisconceptions.InthispaperweintroducethenewArmadilloapproach,evidencebuilding,thataddsadegreeoftrustfromthesimilarityandprovenanceofinstances.

TheArmadilloapproachofevidencebuildingworksthroughacombinationof

individuallyweakevidentialteststovalidatefoundinstancesacrossdatasources.ThearmadillotestsaremostlysimpleSimilarityMetrics,(thesearedetailedinsection3).ThepaperthenfocusesonpresentingtheArmadillotoolanddetailsasimpleusecaserelatingthemethodologiesusedinordertoIntegrateelicitedknowledgemoree ectively.

2IntegrationastheIssue

Thecombinationofinformationinstancesisfarfromanewproblem,ithasbeenresearchedinmanydi ering eldsformanyyears.ThetechniquesofIn-

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