Virginia Woolf(弗吉尼亚&183;伍尔芙)——阅读背景材料来自wikipedia(2)

GRE、TOEFL阅读背景材料——弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙

author, critic and mountaineer.[2] The young Virginia was

educated by her parents in their literate and well-connected

household at 22 Hyde Park Gate, Kensington. Her parents

had each been married previously and been widowed, and,

consequently, the household contained the children of three

marriages. Julia had three children from her first husband,

Herbert Duckworth: George Duckworth, Stella Duckworth,

and Gerald Duckworth. Her father was married to Minny

Thackeray, and they had one daughter: Laura Makepeace

Stephen, who was declared mentally disabled and lived with

the family until she was institutionalized in 1891.[3] Leslie

and Julia had four children together: Vanessa Stephen (1879),

Thoby Stephen (1880), Virginia (1882), and Adrian Stephen

(1883).

Sir Leslie Stephen's eminence as an editor, critic, and

biographer, and his connection to William Thackeray (he was Photographic portrait of Julia the widower of Thackeray's youngest daughter), meant that Stephen, mother of Woolf, by Julia

his children were raised in an environment filled with the Margaret Cameron. influences of Victorian literary society. Henry James, George

Henry Lewes, Julia Margaret Cameron (an aunt of Julia

Stephen), and James Russell Lowell, who was made Virginia's honorary godfather, were among the visitors to the house. Julia Stephen was equally well connected. Descended from an attendant of Marie Antoinette, she came from a family of renowned beauties who left their mark on Victorian society as models for Pre-Raphaelite artists and early photographers. Supplementing these influences was the immense library at the Stephens' house, from which Virginia and Vanessa (unlike their brothers, who were formally educated) were taught the classics and English literature.

According to Woolf's memoirs, her most vivid childhood

memories, however, were not of London but of St. Ives in

Cornwall, where the family spent every summer until 1895.

The Stephens' summer home, Talland House, looked out over

Porthminster Bay, and is still standing today, though

somewhat altered. Memories of these family holidays and

impressions of the landscape, especially the Godrevy

Lighthouse, informed the fiction Woolf wrote in later years,

most notably To the Lighthouse.

The sudden death of her mother in 1895, when Virginia was

13, and that of her half-sister Stella two years later, led to the

first of Virginia's several nervous breakdowns. She was,

however, able to take courses of study (some at degree level)

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