Virginia Woolf(弗吉尼亚&183;伍尔芙)——阅读背景材料来自wikipedia(4)

GRE、TOEFL阅读背景材料——弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙

(which Woolf recalls in her autobiographical essays A Sketch of thePastand 22 Hyde Park Gate).Throughout her life, Woolf was plagued by periodic mood swings and associated illnesses. Though this instability often affected her social life, her literary productivity continued with few breaks until her suicide.

Bloomsbury

After the death of their father and Virginia's second nervous

breakdown, Vanessa and Adrian sold 22 Hyde Park Gate and

bought a house at 46 Gordon Square in Bloomsbury.

Woolf came to know Lytton Strachey, Clive Bell, Rupert

Brooke, Saxon Sydney-Turner, Duncan Grant, Leonard

Woolf and Roger Fry, who together formed the nucleus of

the intellectual circle of writers and artists known as the

Bloomsbury Group. Several members of the group attained

notoriety in 1910 with the Dreadnought hoax, which Virginia

participated in disguised as a male Abyssinian royal. Her

complete 1940 talk on the Hoax was discovered and is

published in the memoirs collected in the expanded edition of

The Platform of Time (2008). In 1907 Vanessa married Clive

Bell, and the couple's interest in avant garde art would have

an important influence on Virginia's development as an

author.[6] The Dreadnought Hoaxers in Abyssinian regalia; Virginia Woolf

is the bearded figure on the far left Virginia Stephen married writer Leonard Woolf in 1912. Despite his low material status (Virginia referring to Leonard during their engagement as a "penniless Jew") the couple shared a close bond. Indeed, in 1937, Woolf wrote in her diary: "Love-making — after 25 years can’t bear to be

separate ... you see it is enormous pleasure being wanted: a wife. And our marriage so complete." The two also collaborated professionally, in 1917 founding the Hogarth Press, which subsequently published Virginia's novels along with works by T.S. Eliot, Laurens van der Post, and others.[7] The Press also commissioned works by contemporary artists, including Dora Carrington and Vanessa Bell.

The ethos of the Bloomsbury group discouraged sexual exclusivity, and in 1922, Virginia met the writer and gardener Vita Sackville-West, wife of Harold Nicolson. After a tentative start, they began a sexual relationship that lasted through most of the 1920s.[8] In 1928, Woolf presented Sackville-West with Orlando, a fantastical biography in which the eponymous hero's life spans three centuries and both genders. It has been called by Nigel Nicolson, Vita Sackville-West's son, "the longest and most charming love letter in literature."[8] After their affair ended, the two women remained friends until Woolf's death in 1941. Virginia Woolf also remained close to her surviving siblings, Adrian and Vanessa; Thoby had died of an illness at the age of 26.

Work

Woolf began writing professionally in 1900, initially for the Times Literary Supplement with a

journalistic piece about Haworth, home of the Brontë family.[9] Her first novel, The Voyage Out, waspublished in 1915 by her half-brother's imprint, Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd.

This novel was originally entitled Melymbrosia, but Woolf repeatedly changed the draft. An earlier version of The Voyage Out has been reconstructed by Woolf scholar Louise DeSalvo and is now available to the public under the intended title. DeSalvoargues that many of the changes Woolf

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