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考试科目:420 专业英语
illintheblankswiththerightlinguisticconcepts.(10points)Ⅰ.F
1.Humanlanguageisarbitrary.Thisreferstothefactthatthereisnologicalorintrinsicconnec?tionbetweenaparticularsoundandth2itisassociatedwith.isatypeofword?formationbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbythedeletionofasupposedaffixofalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage.Forexample,theverbeditwasformedfromeditorbydroppingthesupposedderivationalsuffix?or.
3.Somemorphemeslike?ish,?ness,?ly,?dis,trans?,un?areneverwordsbythemselvesbutare
alwayspartsofwords.Theseaffixesar4morphemes.canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,
andparole.Theformeristheattemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.5.OneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsiFrenchwordfor“language”,whichistheabstractknowledgenecessaryforspeaking,listen?ing,writingandreading.Thelatterisconcernedabouttheactualuseoflanguagebypeopleinspeechorwriting.Paroleismorevariableandmaychangeaccordingtocontextualfac?tors.
6.H.P.GricebelievesthatthereisasetofassumptionsguidingtheconductofConversation.ThisiswhathecallstheCooperativePrinciple.Accordingtothemaximofully;donotlie.
7proposesthateveryspeakerknowsasetofprincipalswhichapplytoalllanguagesandalsoasetofparametersthatcanvaryfromonelanguagetoanother,butonlywithincer?tainlimits.
8referstovarietiesofalanguageusedbyindividualspeakers,withpeculiaritiesofpronunciation,grammarandvocabulary.Infact,notwospeakersspeakexactlythesamedia?lect.Eachspeakerhascertaincharacteristicfeaturesofhisowninhiswayofspeaking.
9.Accordingtperiodhypothesis,inchilddevelopmentthereisaperiodduringwhichlanguagecanbeacquiredmoreeasilythanatanyothertime.Theperiodlastsuntilpuberty(aroundage12or13years),andisduetobiologicaldevelopment.
10referstotiesandconnectionswhichexistwithintexts.Theyarealsocalledformal
linksbetweensentencesandbetweenclauses.
iveshortanswertothefollowingquestions.(10points)Ⅱ.G
1.Explaincriterion?referencedandnorm?referencedlanguagetests.
2.Explaintheseventypesofmeaninganduseexamplestoillustrateyourideas.
eadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenstateyourownpositionconcerningtheuseⅢ.R
ofknowingsomelinguistics.(10points)
Onefamousscholarsaysthatlanguageisaninterestingsubjecttostudyonitsownright,for
0 01:Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalseorforwhichyoulackevidence.Inotherwords,speaktruth?
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