间接引语
引述或转述别人的话称为―引语‖。直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号― ‖标出,叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句(其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式)。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?
1. 人称的转变 (口诀:一随主,二随宾,三不变)
人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。
2. 时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的
(1) 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候。
(2) 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候。
(3) 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如:
He said, ―I went to college in 1994.‖ ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994.
(4) 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:
He said,―When I was a child, I usually played football after school.‖ ——>
He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
(5) 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时。
(6) 当引语是谚语、格言时。
(7) 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must,
ought to, used to, need时,如:The doctor said, ―You'd better drink plenty of water.‖
——>
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
(8) 此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改
为there, 动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon
等均不必改变。如:
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student: What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
(3) 地点状语:here变成there
She said, ―I won't come here any more.‖——> She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..
(4) 动词:come变成go,bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化
(1) 陈述句。用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中
搜索“diyifanwen.net”或“第一范文网”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读,第一范文网,提供最新资格考试认证牛津初中英语9A知识点归纳(9)全文阅读和word下载服务。
相关推荐: