Intellectual property metering(10)

Abstract. We have developed the first hardware and software (intellectual property) metering scheme that enables reliable low overhead proofs for the number of manufactured parts and copied programs. The key idea is to make each design slightly different d

Another research, to some extent related to our work, is forensic engineering tech-nique, that has been explored for detection of authentic Java byte-codes [3] and to perform identity or partial copy detection for digital libraries [4]. Also, forensic analysis principles are used in the VLSI CAD to demonstrate that solutions produced by strategically differ-ent algorithms can be associated with their corresponding algorithms with high accuracy [22].

Sampling and auditing are the two main methods for measuring the popularity of media channels. Sampling, like the Nielsen Media Research and NetRatings Inc., is based on surveys among a representing group of users [30]. Web page access metering has been addressed by a number of researchers and companies. For example, Pitkow proposed tech-niques to uniquely identify users and to compensate for the usage of proxies and cashes [30]. Franklin and Malkhi developed the lightweight security WWW page usage scheme [15]. Recently, Naor and Pinkas proposed a rigorous secret sharing-based WWW page access method [26]. Another potential alternative is to use micro-payment protocols for WWW usage [27].

Majority of software vendors currently employ licensing as the primary way of pro-tecting their software packages, such as text formatting and CAD tools. Licensing soft-ware ensures the vendor with a certain degree of control over the distributed software. For example, licensing software may prevent unauthorized duplication of software packages or Licensing is a major enabling component for software distribution. For example, over $40 billion of installed third party software uses GLOBEtrotter’s Electronic commerce for software technology FLEX1m. Today’s dominating software licensing mechanism is based on license key concept. A key is encrypted by using a string of data that contains software package ID and its usage constraints (e.g. expiration date) and the serial number of the computer where the key is installed. The invocation of the software package is done automatically when software is invoked by using one of the password schemes [25, 13].

A large number of patented licensing protocols have been proposed. For example, licenses can be used not only to authenticate the legal users, but also to upgrade the prod-ucts, and other after-market information transmissions[28] or licensing using smart cards [29, 2].

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