小升初教案 - 老师用书

目录

*音标 (i)

*voa慢速英语 (ii)

*语法 (iii)

*阅读理解 (iv)

*完形填空 (v)

*写作 (vi)

*测试 (vii)

音标

剑桥国际英语语音教程（每日一练）

听力

Voa慢速英语（每日一听）

语法

初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。

下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法。

一、初一英语语法——词法

1、名词

A）、名词的数

我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class 班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类, paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作works作品，工厂, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange 桔子水oranges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人peoples民族, time时间times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡

十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’

s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名词的格

当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day 三八节

三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词

项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词

人称主格宾格形容词名词性

第一人称单数I me my mine myself

复数we us our ours ourselves

第二人称单数you you your yours yourself

复数you you your yours yourselves

第三人称单数she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

复数they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词

A）第三人称单数

当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：

一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes

五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B）现在分词

当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：

一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如

few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest,

red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill –worse worst

little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth,

ninety-ninetieth

二、初一英语语法——句式

1.陈述句

肯定陈述句a) This is a book. (be动词)

b) He looks very young. (连系动词)

c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)

d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)

e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)

否定陈述句a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.

c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.

e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)

2. 祈使句

肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!

c) Come in, please.

否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.

3. 疑问句

1) 一般疑问句a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?

d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?

肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.

否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.

2) 选择疑问句Is the table big or small? 回答It’s big./ It’s small.

3) 特殊疑问句

①问年龄How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

②问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

③问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

④问方式How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.

How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@f86be1e128ea81c759f57826.

⑤问原因Why do you want to join the club?

⑥问时间What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m.. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.

When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.

⑦问地方Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.

⑧问颜色What color are they? They are light blue.

What’s your favourite color? It’s black.

⑨问人物Who’s that? It’s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.

Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩问东西What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.

What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

11问姓名What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen. What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.

What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.

12 问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box.

13 问字母What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.

14 问价格How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.

15 问电话号码What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.

16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.

17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.

What’s your father? He’s a doctor.

三、初一英语语法——时态

1一般现在时

特征。

（1）一般现在时的构成：

一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加―-s‖或―-es‖。

（2）一般现在时的用法：

①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与一般现在时连用的时间

状语：

※表示频度的副词always，often，usually，sometimes等。

※on Sundays，on Monday afternoon，every day，in the morning，every

year等时间状语。

※once a year, twice a month, three times a week之类的表示频率的词组。

如：He gets up at five o’clock every day. He often plays

football.

②★表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时

间状语。如：

The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)

Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)

③★表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要

发生的）事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。

如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)

④★在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等

引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将

来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you

arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,

we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)

⑤★一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come,

go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响

了)。

⑥一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。

Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.

2、一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,

也可能经常

发生。（过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth来表示）

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