A critical discourse analysis of racial(6)

critical discourse analysis

110R.Rogers,M.Mosley/LinguisticsandEducation19(2008)107–131

Itispossible,then,forwhitetalktoconstructandrepresentpositiveandprogressiveunderstandingsofWhiteracial

identitydevelopmentsuchasinthecaseofWhiteallies(Lipsitz,1998;Stokes-Brown,2002).WhenWhitepeople

directlyengage(withotherWhitesaswellaswithpeopleofcolor)indiscussionsaroundrace,racism,andanti-racism,

anduselinguisticstrategieswhichcenter(ratherthandismiss)theirresponsibilityasWhitepeople,thistoo,becomes

aformandfunctionofwhitetalk.

Giventhislandscape,racialliteracy,then,involvesasetoftools(psychological,conceptual,discursive,material)

thatallowindividuals(bothpeopleofcolorandWhitefolks)todescribe,interpret,explainandactontheconstellation

ofpractices(e.g.historical,economic,psychological,interactional)thatcompriseracismandanti-racism.Narratives

andcounter-narrativesaretoolsofracialliteracy—theybothstructureandrepresentlivedexperiencesandofferthe

opportunitynameone’sownexperienceandreality(e.g.Bell,1992;Perry,Steele,&Hilliard,2003).Withinthecontext

ofteachereducation,narrativesareoftenusedtointroduceandexploremattersofculture,raceanddiversity(e.g.

Florio-Ruane,2001;McVee,2004)throughliterature.Florio-Ruane(2001)notesthatculturalunderstandingsreside

incollective(e.g.publicdiscourses,familystories,andcommon-senseunderstandings)andindividualnarratives.

Narrativesarecomprisedofdiscursivehistories,whichhavebothsocialandcognitivethreads,asvanDijk(1993)

pointsout.Indeed,theuseofnarrativesandliteraturecanhelpreadersimaginesocialspaceswhereracialjusticeisthe

normratherthantheexception.Inpracticingracialliteracy,apersonusesthediscursiveresourcesandstorylinesthat

areavailabletothemthroughtheirinteractionalhistoriesandinputtingthesestorylinetowork,becomeacertaintype

ofperson(Davies,1990).

2.2.Discoursein/associalaction

Becauseracialliteracy,accordingtoGuinier(2004)isinherentlyconcernedwithmaterialconditions,atheory

andmethodforunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweendiscourseandactionisneeded.Criticaldiscoursetheories

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