Bioprocess Technology- Fundamentals and Applications Chapt 4_Metabolic basis(11)

The second point of importance in fermentative energy metabolism is the cofactor balance. Inglycolysis two moles of NADH are produced per mole of glucose. The cofactors must beregenerated to maintain the flux in glycolysis. In yeast and homofermentative lactic acidbacteria this is accomplished by the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol and pyruvate tolactate respectively (Fig. 4.7). In other cases it may be more complicated as in the mixed acidfermentation of E. coli (Fig 4.8).

Fig. 4.7 Left: Fermentation of glucose to ethanol. Right: Fermentation of glucose to lacticacid. Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus spp; Lactococcus spp.) use the PTS system totransport lactose. Intracellular lactose-P is hydrolysed into galactose-P and glucose whichsubsequently is phosphorylated by hexokinase as depicted above.

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