Belief–desire reasoning in the explanation of behavior,Do actions speak louder than words(5)

心理理论

A.E. Wertz, T.C. German / Cognition 105 (2007) 184–194187

explanation for the mistaken search. Participants’ task was to decide as quickly aspossible whether the candidate explanation was a correct explanation for the searchaction. The conditions diVered only in the location of the distracter object.

In the ADO condition, the Wrst location also contained the distracter object. Thus,the agent’s search for the target object is directed at a location also containing thedistracter object. In the AE condition, the distracter object was in the second loca-tion. Therefore, the search was directed toward an empty location. An example storyfrom each condition is shown in Table 1.

Four types of candidate explanations were assessed in each condition. Eachexplained the action in terms of a mental state that character 1 might hold. Two ref-erenced the character’s desire: one for the target object, the other for the distracterobject. The other two explanations referenced the character’s belief about the targetobject: a correct (false) belief about the location of the target object and an incorrect(true) belief about the location of the target object. Participants saw just one explana-tion per story, such that each explanation type was assessed ten times. The candidateexplanations associated with the example story appear in Table 2.

Procedure

The 40 tasks were presented in random order via E-Prime (Psychology SoftwareTools, Inc.) software. Each task began with the presentation of the short story on thecomputer screen. Participants read the story at their own pace before pressing a keyto advance. Next, an explanation question was displayed for 2 seconds (e.g., “Whydoes Mary go there?”), followed immediately by a screen displaying one of the fourpossible candidate explanations. Participants were required to press one key toendorse the explanation or another to reject it. Responses and response latencieswere collected. Two practice trials preceded the 40 test trials.

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