Belief–desire reasoning in the explanation of behavior,Do actions speak louder than words(8)

心理理论

A.E. Wertz, T.C. German / Cognition 105 (2007) 184–194189

explanation type interaction (F(3,189)D5.01, pD.002, 2D.07).3 The interactionreXects a greater number of errors when rejecting the DD explanation in the ADOcondition compared to the AE condition.

This result was supported by independent samples t-tests for each type of explana-tion across conditions. Consistent with the ANOVA Wndings, only the error rate forthe DD explanations diVered across the AE and ADO conditions (t(63)D2.47, pD.02,dD.59). The elevated error rate for rejecting the DD explanations in the ADO condi-tion indicates that participants reliably endorsed this explanation as an acceptablereason for the story character’s action.

Discussion

Participants endorsed desire explanations for an object not speciWed as the targetof search (the distracter object) when the search was directed toward that object (asin the ADO condition). This suggests that a mental state representation specifying adesire for the distracter object was generated in response to information about thesearch and entered into the explanation process.

A question remains about the nature of the information generated by the belief–desire reasoning system when an agent approaches an object. One possibility is that thesystem only creates representations of the character’s possible goal – a desire for thedistracter object as shown in Experiment 1 – and no other mental state representationsaccompany it. An alternative is that something akin to a ‘reason’ in Davidson’s (1963)sense is created: a representation of the character’s (true) belief about the location ofthe distracter object may be produced alongside the representation of the desire. Thisidea is consistent with the proposal that belief and desire information are processed inparallel – a proposal driving some recent models of action prediction (Friedman &Leslie, 2004a, 2004b; Leslie etal., 2004, 2005). This idea is tested in Experiment 2.Experiment 2

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