A novel 3D mesh compression using mesh segmentation with multiple principal plane analysis

PatternRecognition43(2010)267--

279

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PatternRecognition

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Anovel3Dmeshcompressionusingmeshsegmentationwithmultipleprincipalplaneanalysis

Shyi-ChyiChenga, ,Chen-TsungKuob,c,Da-ChunWub

a

DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering,NationalTaiwanOceanUniversity,2Pei-NingRoad,Keelung202,Taiwan

InstituteofEngineeringScienceandTechnology,NationalKaohsiungFirstUniversityofScienceandTechnology,1UniversityRoad,Yenchao,Kaohsiung824,Taiwanc

DepartmentofInformationManagement,LongcyuanVeteransHospital,VAC,ExecutiveYuan,1AnpingLane1JhaoshengRoad,Pingtung912,Taiwan

b

ARTICLEINFOABSTRACT

Articlehistory:

Received24July2007

Receivedinrevisedform20May2009Accepted26May2009Keywords:3DmeshCompressionSegmentation

Principleplaneanalysisk-meansclustering

Thispaperproposesanovelschemefor3Dmodelcompressionbasedonmeshsegmentationusingmul-tipleprincipalplaneanalysis.Thisalgorithmfirstperformsameshsegmentationscheme,basedonfusionofthewell-knownk-meansclusteringandtheproposedprincipalplaneanalysistoseparatetheinput3Dmeshintoasetofdisjointedpolygonalregions.Theboundaryindexingschemeforthewholeobjectiscreatedbyassemblinglocalregions.Finally,thecurrentworkproposesatriangletraversalschemetoencodetheconnectivityandgeometryinformationsimultaneouslyforeverypatchundertheguidanceoftheboundaryindexingscheme.Simulationresultsdemonstratethattheproposedalgorithmobtainsgoodperformanceintermsofcompressionrateandreconstructionquality.

©2009ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.

1.Introduction

Inrecentyears,three-dimensional(3D)meshmodelshavebeenwidelyusedingeographicaldatabases,manufacturingassemblies,virtualrealityforentertainmentapplications,orotherinteractiveapplications.Thesemodelsareoftenrepresentedascomplextrian-gularmeshes,whichmayhavethousandsorevenmillionsofver-ticesandpolygons.Alloftheseapplicationsrequirelargestorage,computerpowerandaccessoverbandwidth-limitedlinks.Thus,itisessentialtocompressthe3Dmodelsefficiently.SinceDeering[1]firstintroducedtheconceptofgeneralizedtriangularmeshcompres-sion,manyalgorithmscategorizedaslosslessorlossy,single-rateorprogressive,andsingleresolutionormulti-resolution,havebeenproposedtocompress3Dmeshes[1–18].Agoodreviewon3Dmeshcompressiontechnologycanbefoundin[12,13].

Comparedwiththelossy3Dmeshcoding,alosslesstechniquere-constructsmeshdataidenticaltotheoriginal.Manyapplicationsuselosslessdatacompression,suchasinexecutablecode,wordprocess-ingfiles,etc.Tocomparesingle-ratecodingwithprogressivecoding,single-ratecodingfocusesonsavingthebandwidthbetweenCPUandthegraphiccard;however,progressivecompressionof3Dmeshesprovidesmultipleresolutionsfortransmittingcomplexmeshesovernetworkswithlimitedbandwidth.Earlyresearchconducted

Correspondingauthor.

E-mailaddresses:csc@mail.ntou.edu.tw(S.-C.Cheng),dcwu@ccms.nkfust.edu.tw(C.-T.Kuo),jmskuo@mail.vhlc.gov.tw(D.-C.Wu).

0031-3203/$-seefrontmatter©2009ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2009.05.016

single-ratecodingon3Dmeshcompression.Chow[2]presentedanalgorithmtoefficientlyproducegeneralizedtrianglemeshes.HismeshifyingalgorithmsandvariablecompressionmethodachievedcompressionratioshigherthanDeering'smethod[1].Toumaetal.[3]proposedthevalence-drivenapproachthatrecordsthedegreeofeachvertexalongaspiralingvertextree.Progressivemeshcom-pressionhasbeenalsointensivelyresearched,sinceitenablesthedecodertoreconstruct3Dmodelscontinuouslyfromcoarsetofinelevels-of-details(LODs)[4–8].TheEdgebreakermethodproposedbyRossignac[9]canhandlemanifoldmesheswithmultipleboundaryloopsandhandles.Gumholdetal.[10]improvedthisconnectivityupperboundto3.522bpv.

Trianglemeshcompressionhasbeenthefocusofmuchstudy.Thisrepresentationcontainstwokindsofinformation:geometryandconnectivity.Geometrycodingdescribesvertexcoordinatesinthe3Dspace,andconnectivitycodingdescribeshowtoconnecttheseposi-tions.Theconnectivitycompressionproblemhasbeenwellstudied,withmanyexistingmethods[12,13]achievingbit-ratesoflessthantwobitspertrianglefortheconnectivityportionofamesh[11].Lessefforthasgoneintogeometrycompression,oftensimplyperformedbypredictioncodingandquantization[14].Recently,researchershaveproposedothergeometrycompressiontechniques,includingwavelettransform[15],spectralcompression[16],andk–dtreeoroctreedecomposition[17].Althoughtheperformanceofthese3Dmeshcompressiontechniquesachievingbit-ratesbetween1and2bytespervertexisgood,theoutputbitstreamremainslargeforcomplexobjectswithhighnumbersofverticesandtriangles.Thus,developingeffectivecompressiontechniquesforthevertexdatato

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