【一轮复习】高考英语一轮复习语法专题(五)非谓语动词

② 不及物动词的分词形式作定语

不定式to be done，过去分词done和现在分词being done形式作定语的区别

Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 你读过狄更斯的这本小说吗?

Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students. 听!正在被演唱的那首歌很受学生欢迎。

The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.

明天在会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。

三．非谓语动词作补语 1、感官动词后接宾语补足语

2、leave（使……处于某种状态）后接宾语补足语

3、have, get（使、让）后接宾语补足语

4、某些动词后接不定式作宾语补足语，即“动词+sb.+to do sth.” 常见的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, remind, require, teach, remind, tell, want, warn, wish等。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多肉。

5、某些句子结构用不定式作主语补足语

常见的结构有：sb./sth. be+said/ believed/ known/ reported/ considered/ found/ thought+to do/ to have done/ to have been done/to be done。

(1) He is said to have gone abroad.

(=It is said that he has gone abroad.) 据说他已经出国了。

(2) The plan is considered to be one of the best plans. 这个计划被认为是最好的计划之一 。

四．非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语

NO.1 非谓语动词作主语

①不定式作主语，一般表示具体的、一次性的或者将来的动作。可用it作形式主语而将不定式短语后置。 To protect the environment is everyone’s duty. =It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment. 保护环境是每个人的责任。

②动名词作主语，一般表示抽象的、习惯性的动作。 Walking after dinner is good for both the young and the old. 饭后散步对年轻人和老年人都有好处。

NO.2 非谓语动词作宾语

① 大多数动词后接不定式作宾语，常见的有：decide, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, agree, plan, afford等。

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我从她身边经过时她假装没有看到我。

We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. 我们约定在这里见面，但是到现在为止她都还没露面。

② 某些动词后接动名词作宾语，常见的有：consider, suggest/advise, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, mind, allow, permit, escape, give up, feel like, can’t help, can’t stand等。

He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunities.

他已经为面试做好了充分的准备，因为他不能冒失去工作的风险。

NO.3 非谓语动词作表语 ①不定式作表语

What I can do is to five you some reasonable advice. 我能做的就是给你一些合理的建议。

②动名词作表语

His job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。 ③分词作表语 The film is interesting. 电影很有趣。

难点突破

一、不定式的主动形式和被动形式

1、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。

Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon? 你有刀切西瓜吗？

2、不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，可以看作形容词后省略了for/of sb.。 This book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。