语音识别控制小车设计大学本科毕业论文

河南科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）

基于语音识别的智能小车

摘 要

随着计算机技术、模式识别和信号处理技术及声学技术等的发展，使得能满足各种需要的语音识别系统的实现成为可能。近二三十年来，语音识别在计算机、信息处理、通信与电子系统、自动控制等领域中有着越来越广泛的应用。本设计是语音识别在控制领域的一个很好实现，它将原本需要手工操作的工作用语音来方便地完成。

语音识别按说话人的讲话方式可分为孤立词(Isolated Word)识别、连接词(Connected Word)识别和连续语音(Continuous Speech)识别。从识别对象的类型来看，语音识别可以分为特定人(Speaker Dependent)语音识别和非特定人(Speaker Independent)语音识别。本设计采用的识别类型是特定人孤立词语音识别。

本系统分上位机和下位机两大方面。上位机利用PC上MATLAB强大的数学计算能力，进行语音输入、端点监测、特征参数提取、匹配、串口控制等工作，根据识别到的不同语音通过PC串口向下位机发送不同的指令。下位机是单片机控制的一个小车，单片机收到上位机传来的指令后，根据不同的指令控制小车完成不同的动作。

该设计对语音识别的现有算法进行了验证和实现，并对端点检测和匹配算法进行了些许改进。本设计达到了预期目标,实现了所期望的功能效果。

关键词：MATLAB，语音识别，端点检测，LPC，单片机，电机控制

I

河南科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）

SMART CAR GASED SPEECH RECOGNITION

ABSTRACT

With the development of computer technology,pattern recognition,signal processing technology and acoustic technology etc, the speech recognition system that can meet the various needs of people is more possible to achieve.The past three decades, the voice recognition in the field of computer, information processing, communications and electronic systems, automatic control has increasingly wide range of applications.

Speech recognition by the speaker\'s speech can be divided into isolated word (Isolated Word) identification, conjunctions (Connected Word) and continuous speech recognition (Continuous Speech) identification. Identifying the type of object from the point of view, the voice recognition can be divided into a specific person (Speaker Dependent) speech recognition and non-specific (Speaker Independent) speech recognition. This design uses the identification type is a specific person isolated word speech recognition.

This design is of a good implementation of speech recognition in the control field, it does the work that would otherwise require manual operation by the voice of people easily.This system includes two major aspects:the host system and the slave system. The host system use the MATLAB on the computer which has powerful mathematical computing ability to do the work of voice input, endpoint monitoring, feature extraction, matching, identification and serial control,then it send different commands through the PC serial port to slave system according different recognised voice. The slave system is a car controlled by a single-chip micro-controller.It controls the car do different actions according different instructions received.

II

河南科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）

The design is checking and realization of the existing speech recognition algorithm and I the endpoint detection and matching algorithms were slight improved.This design achieved the expected goals and achieved the desired functional effect.

KEY WORDS：MATLAB,Speech Recognition,Extreme Points Test,LPC,Chip Microcomputer,Motor Drive

III

河南科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）

目 录

前 言 ................................................. 1 第1章 系统总体设计方案介绍 ............................ 3 第2章 上位机设计 ...................................... 4

§2.1 语音识别简介 .................................. 4

§2.1.1 语音识别发展 ............................ 4 §2.1.2 语音识别的分类 .......................... 4 §2.2 声音录入 ...................................... 5 §2.3 声音的预处理 .................................. 6

§2.3.1 欲加重处理 .............................. 6 §2.3.2 分帧处理 ................................ 6 §2.4 端点检测 ...................................... 6

§2.4.1 过零率 .................................. 6 §2.4.2 音量 .................................... 7 §2.4.3 过零率和音量积谱 ........................ 8 §2.4.4 用过零率和音量积谱来检测端点 ............ 9 §2.5 特征参数提取 ................................. 10

§2.5.1 特征参数概述 ........................... 10 §2.5.2 用MATLAB实现LPC系数的计算 ............ 14 §2.6 语音识别中的模式匹配 ......................... 14

§2.6.1 DTW算法原理 ............................ 14 §2.6.2 程序实现 ............................... 16 §2.7 MATLAB上的GUI设计 .......................... 18 第3章 下位机设计 ..................................... 20

§3.1 小车总体设计 ................................. 20

§3.1.1 小车总体框图 ........................... 20 §3.1.2 小车结构设计 ........................... 20 §3.2 小车硬件设计 ................................. 20

IV

河南科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）

§3.2.1 单片机电路设计 ......................... 21 §3.2.2 驱动电路设计 ........................... 23 §3.2.3 稳压电路设计 ........................... 24 §3.3 小车软件设计 ................................. 24

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