语义学资料(6)

e.g. hooker 1 n. a commercial fishing boat using hooks and lines instead of nets.

hooker 2 n. 1. US and Canadian slang. a. a draught of alcoholic drinks, esp. of spirits. b.

a prostitute. 3. player in the front row of a scrum in Rugby football, who tries to hook the ball （橄榄球并列争球时位於前排的）钩射队员.

But the such distinctions are not always clear cut. Historically speaking, polysemy can be understood as the growth and development or change in the meaning of words. At first they got their primary meaning. Later on they gradually came to get the other meanings they now represent.

(3)Antonymy

The term is used for oppositeness of meaning; so words that are opposite in meaning are antonyms. We should not be misled into thinking that words contrast each other only on a single dimension; in fact oppositeness can be found on different dimensions and different kinds of antonyms have been recognized.

a.gradable antonyms

Some words are gradable because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair. So it is a matter of degree. E.g. old and young are antonyms, but they stand for two extremes, between them there are intermediate forms representing different degrees of being old or young, such as middle-ages, mature, elderly. Between hot and cold, there are different qualities neither hot or cold, such as cool, warm and

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