Nanolithography and manipulation of graphene using an atomic force microscope(14)

We use an atomic force microscope (AFM) to manipulate graphene films on a nanoscopic length scale. By means of local anodic oxidation with an AFM we are able to structure isolating trenches into single-layer and few-layer graphene flakes, opening the possi

Fig. 2. (Color online) AFM micrographs after three subsequent nano-peeling steps (left to right) of a few layer graphene flake. The pictures on the bottom show the height profiles of each successive step along the lines indicated in the micrographs. The number of layers in the indicated area is reduced from eight to two, leaving an electronically much more interesting graphene bilayer.

We use an atomic force microscope (AFM) to manipulate graphene films on a nanoscopic length scale. By means of local anodic oxidation with an AFM we are able to structure isolating trenches into single-layer and few-layer graphene flakes, opening the possi

Fig. 3. (Color online) Schematic setup for the local anodic oxidation of graphene. A graphene sheet lies on a SIMOX-substrate and is electrically connected by Au electrodes. A positive bias voltage is applied to the graphene sheet (anode) with the tip of the AFM (cathode) grounded. In a humid environment a water meniscus forms between the AFM and the graphene flake which acts as an electrolyte.

We use an atomic force microscope (AFM) to manipulate graphene films on a nanoscopic length scale. By means of local anodic oxidation with an AFM we are able to structure isolating trenches into single-layer and few-layer graphene flakes, opening the possi

Fig. 4. (Color online) Resistance measurement during the oxidation of a six-layer graphene ribbon. (a) AFM-micrograph taken directly after the oxidation with an unbiased tip. It nicely shows the groove with a line-width of less than 30 nm, where the carbon atoms are removed. (b) Depicts a cross-section of the few-layer graphene ribbon along the line as indicated in (a) showing that the ribbon is clearly oxidized in half. (c) The resistance measured across the ribbon during oxidation increases dramatically as the ribbon is oxidized into two separate parts.

We use an atomic force microscope (AFM) to manipulate graphene films on a nanoscopic length scale. By means of local anodic oxidation with an AFM we are able to structure isolating trenches into single-layer and few-layer graphene flakes, opening the possi

Fig. 5. (Color online) Atomic force micrograph of an oxidized line in a single layer graphene flake. The vertically oxidized line (see arrow) is started at the edge of the flake indicated by the dotted line. Clearly visible are the water droplets (one is encircled) formed on the graphene surface due to the high humidity and hydrophobic character of the graphene. The dashed region is one of the gold contacts to the graphene sheet that serves as cathode during the oxidation procedure.

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