2016黑龙江大学跨文化英语考试总结分解(7)

案例48：礼品从中国的中国人喜欢互赠礼物。一般情况下，价值的礼物是一个接收器在发送者的眼睛是多么的重要指示。大多数人送礼 的礼物是否会被视为有价值的足够关注。一种廉价的礼物是指face.Dongxie的损失可能在人参给他的经理有一个实际的原因，但大多数中国人都会把它作为一个下属

平常的东西，这样做是为了经理的标志respect.North美国的公司偶尔也会收到礼物的升值经理提供的友谊和帮助。珍惜这样的礼物，但是，值通常是相当小的，一瓶酒，音乐CD，一本小书，或其他标志。 Case 50:Refuse to Be Treated? In the case just described, the U.S. American medical team system for making sense of the situation demanded that people be seen in order of the seriousness of their injuries or illness. Each person was considered as worthwhile as the next, and so seriousness of injury appeared to be a natural way to determine who was seen first. However, the cultural system working for those on the Virgin Islands demanded that elders be seen and treated first. Their position, age, and wisdom demanded respect. For younger members of the community to go ahead of them in a time of crisis was seen as extremely disrespectful.The conflict centered on efforts by each side to do what they perceived as good and morally responsible. Because the U.S. Americans were in a better position to adapt than an entire community that had just suffered great loss and were under extreme stress, it was good that they were willing to do so. Sadly, this is not always the case.

案例50：拒绝接受治疗吗？在刚才所描述的情况下，美国的美国医疗团队感的情况，要求系统中，人们可以看到他们的伤害或疾病的严重性顺序。每个人都被认为是值得的，因为在未来，所以受伤的严重性，似乎是一种自然的方式来决定谁被视为第一。然而，文化体制改革工作维尔京群岛的要求，长老首先看到和处理。要求尊重他们的位置，年龄和智慧。对于年轻的社会成员去之前，他们在危机时刻被视为集中在努力，每边做什么，他们被认为是良好和道德上负责任的非常disrespectful.The的冲突。由于美国的美国人在一个更好的位置，以适应比整个社会刚刚遭受了巨大的损失，在极端的压力，这是很好的，他们愿意这样做。不幸的是，这并非总是如此。 Chapter 9 Intercultural Adaptation Keywords

（1）Acculturation：It refers to an individual’s learning and adapting to the norms and values of the new host culture. （文化适应：文化适应指人们学习和适应新文化的社会规范和价值观念的过程。） （2）Assimilation：It is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losing their culture in the process. (同化：同化指一个民族群体的人们逐渐失去自己原有的文化，接受新的主流文化的过程。)

（3）Integration: It takes place when some people desire a high level of interaction with the host culture while maintaining identity with their native culture. This kind of acculturation is called integration. (文化融合：文化融合指人们在文化适应过程中高度接受新的主流文化，同时又保留了自己文化的完整性)。

（4）Separation：When individuals prefer low levels of interaction with the host culture and associated microcultural groups while desiring a close connection with, and reaffirmation of, their native culture, the mode of acculturation is called separation. （分离：分离指人们在文化适应过程中对自己原有文化进行重新肯定认同、保留了原有文化，对新的主流文化及与其相关的微观文化不接受不认可）。

（5）Segregation：It occurs when the more politically and economically powerful culture does not want the intercultural contact, the separation is initiated and enforced by the dominant society.（隔离：隔离当经济和政治上更强大的新主流文化不接受人们与它进行文化接触，人们就会被这种文化隔离在外。）

（6）Marginalization：It occurs when the individual chooses not to identify with his or her native culture or with the host culture. (边缘化：边缘化指人们不仅失去自己原有的文化身份，而且无法融入新的主流文化。)

（7）Culture shock: It refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture. （文化冲击/文化休克：文化冲击/文化休克指人们在进入一种新文化环境中遭遇的痛苦和难忘的经历。）

（8）Intercultural adaptation: It refers broadly to the process of increasing our level of fitness to meet the demands of a new cultural environment. (跨文化适应：跨文化适应指人们不断提高自己的适应能力，以期达到新文化环境的需要。)

Case 54: A Fish out of Water This case reflects that the boy is experiencing culture shock, which may bring him some psychological symptoms. Culture shock is virtually a communication problem which involves the depressed feelings accompanying a lack of understanding of the verbal and nonverbal communication of the host culture, its customs, as well as its value systems. Culture shock happens when people have to deal with a huge amount of new perceptual stimuli that are difficult to understand and interpret because the cultural context has changed. In this case, when the American student feels that his familiar cues from his native culture is removed, he becomes to reject the new environment and he displays some psychological symptoms due to culture shock.

案例54：离开水的鱼这种情况下反映，这名男孩正在经历文化冲击，这可能给他带来一些心理症状。文化冲击实际上是一个沟通的问题，涉及的郁闷之情伴随的语言和非语言的沟通缺乏了解东道国的文化，风俗，以及它的价值体系。文化冲击发生时，人们处理了大量的新的感知刺激，是很难理解和解释，因为文化背景发生了变化。在这种情况下，美国学生认为他所熟悉的线索，从他的本土文化被删除时，他拒绝新的环境，他显示了一些心理症状，由于文化的冲击。

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