Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of microalgae for biofuel production(6)

102(2011)4890–48964895

51%between200–350°C,whicharesimilartotheboilingpointrangeoflightnaphtha,heavynaphthaandmiddledistillate,respectively(Laresgoitietal.,2004).Theexistenceofhighamountofmiddledistillateindicatesthatbio-oilfrommicroalgaeisverypromisingaskeroseneanddieselfuels.Theresultalsoshowsthattherewasabout50%ofthebio-oilwithaboilingpoint<250°C.ThisfurtherdemonstratesthatcompoundsanalyzedbyGC–MSrepresentedafractionofthebio-oilsincehighmolecularweightcompoundscouldnotbegasi edandidenti edwithGC–MS.3.4.Analysisofgaseousproducts

ThepermanentgascollectedwascomprisedofH2,CO,CO2andgaseoushydrocarbons.Thequantitativeresultsofthefourmaincomponents(H2,CO,CO2andCH4)arepresentedinFig.5.Withtheincreaseofmicrowavepower,theCO2concentrationdecreasedsigni cantly,whiletheH2andCOconcentrationsincreasedgradu-ally.ThehighestconcentrationofH2+CO(syngas)was49.8%.Thetrendsofthecomponentswereinagreementwiththeliteratureandindicatedthatthefollowingreactionswerefavoredathighertemperatures(Wangetal.,2009;Domínguezetal.,2007):

CðsÞþCO2ðgÞ$2CODH298k¼173kJ=molCðsÞþH2O$COþH2DH298k¼132kJ=mol

4.Conclusions

Chlorellasp.waspyrolyzedinamicrowavecavity.Themicro-wavepowerof750Wwasfoundtobetheoptimummicrowavepowerasthemaximumbio-oilyieldof28.6%wasobtained.Severalanalysesindicatethatthealgalbio-oilexhibitabetterqualitythanlignocellulosicbio-oilsintermsofphysicalandchemicalproper-ties.Thealgalbio-oilwascharacterizedbylowoxygencontentwithaliphaticandaromatichydrocarbonsconstituting22.18%ofthetotalionchromatogramofGC–MS.However,furtherupgradingtoremoveNandOfrombio-oilisnecessarytomakeitsuitableasenginefuels.Acknowledgements

TheauthorsaregratefultoDOT/SunGrant,USDA/DOE,andUniversityofMinnesotaIREEandCenterforBiore ning,aswell

asChinaMOSTInternationalCooperationFund2009DFA61680,fortheir nancialsupportforthiswork.PartsofthisworkwerecarriedoutintheCharacterizationFacility,UniversityofMinne-sota,whichreceivespartialsupportfromNSFthroughtheMRSECprogram.

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