当代美国翻译~考试用英汉版(17)

the Church of England arrived in Massachusetts in 1630. These Puritans were engaged in an ―errand into the wilderness‖ to establish a utopian religious community, a model for England and the world. Puritan leader John Winthrop defined the colony ―as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us‖ (Winthrop, 1989: 41). Puritans demanded order, even if they trampled on concepts of freedom or equality. They were sointent on living righteously in an evil world that they became intolerant. Their perfectionism caused some groups to leave, contributing to the establishment of Rhode Island (1660), Connecticut (1660), and New Hampshire (1679). In 1692, the excesses of the infamous Salem, Massachusetts, witch trials – marked as they were by community hysteria, the fear of women, rural–urban conflicts, and, simply, cultural change – highlighted the failure of the Puritan errand.

其他宗教反对者，在17个船上的1000个人，在1630年到达马萨诸塞州后，想要改革、净化英国国教。这些清教徒们参与了“进入荒野的使命”以建立一个乌托邦式的宗教团体，为英国和世界作出示范。清教徒领袖John Winthrop定义殖民为“山巅之城。所有人都仰望我们”。清教徒们要求整齐，即使他们无视自由或平等的概念。他们如此执意地在一个邪恶世界活得正直，以至于他们变得心胸狭窄。他们的完美主义造成一些团体离开，也有助于建立罗德岛州、康乃狄克州和新罕布什尔州。在1692年，臭名昭著的马萨诸塞州塞林小镇的暴行，女巫审判——以他们团体歇斯底里，对妇女的恐惧，乡村-城市之战为标志，简单地说，文化变化——突出了清教徒任务失败。

American ideology owes much to Puritan patterns. Witch hunts fit neatly into the conspiracy theories of runaway government or internal communist threats and Americans still believe the US is God’s nation. Insisting that hard work is its own reward, the Puritan work ethic is essential to American individualism. A university education remains the best path to the American Dream, something the Puritans supported by founding Harvard University in 1636.

美国的意识形态很大程度归功于清教模式。猎巫正好适合失控政府的阴谋论或者内部共产主义的威胁，美国人仍相信美国是上帝的国度。坚信努力工作是其自身的酬谢，清教徒的职业道德对美国个人主义很重要。大学教育保持着通向美国梦的最佳途径，这是清教徒1636年所支持创办哈佛大学的原因。

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