当代美国翻译~考试用英汉版(23)

In 1793, England declared war on France. Washington immediately invoked American neutrality, an uneasy action that bubbled through the presidencies of John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison. Americans were busy at home. Political parties had formed, dividing the supporters of stronger national power in the Federalist Party from the supporters of state power, Democratic-Republicans. By 1800, population had increased to 5 million, three new states had been added to the union, the value of exports was $71 million compared to $20 million in 1790, 20 colleges had been established, there were 200 newspapers, and the technology of the cotton gin had increased production of ―white gold‖ from 1.5 million to 36.5 million pounds in a decade – and with it, the demand for slaves. The country was split between a free labor system in the North and a slave system in the South. Symbolizing the intersection of two differing social systems, Congress relocated the nation’s capital in 1800 to the District of Columbia—an area set free of the boundaries of any state—and named the city Washington. The war between England and France continued to disrupt the economy and the passions of the people. In 1812, after the British seized American ships and impressed American sailors into the British navy, President Madison declared war on England. The war was basically a drawn contest with the peace treaty ratified in 1815.

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