浅析地缘政治学对日本侵华的影响(2)

points of battle which (where) Japan wanted to dominate the Asia-Pacific even the world. On objective geographic causes, China was regarded as an opponent by Japan. In Eurasia, China is exclusive country adjacent to Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia and Russia (soviets). For its vast extent of territory and peculiar

geographical position, China is a geopolitical big power which can affect Japanese worldwide or regional interests. By this time, the foreign policy of Japan came into being: China was centered on the chief object; Korea, Taiwan and Southeast Asia were looked as two flank; Controlling the east borderland in Eurasia was regarded as center of gravity; Dominating the heartland of northeast China (Man-meng) and Siberia of Russia (Soviet Union) was its further intention; if all these were finished, Japan could dominate the Asia-Pacific even the world. In order to finish its target, Japanese imperialism makes an all-out attempt, conspires for ages. But, because the Japanese strength was not in accordance with its geopolitical strategic objective that sea power promoted the development of land power, that Southing promoted Northing frustrated. Finally, its dreams ruined.

Key Words: Geopolitics land Power theory Sea Power theory continent Policy Marine Policy

一、地缘政治理论

过去人们研究日本侵华战争的原因主要关注点是日益严重的资本主义经济危机，空前激化的各种矛盾，错综复杂的国际形势。如刘天路、王文泉主编的《中国近代史》，魏宏远主编的《中国现代史》也一样。近年来也有人从日本的总体战略论来着手分析，却很少有人关注当时国际上地缘战略学对日本侵华的影响。本文试分析当时国际战略学对日本侵华战略的影响，并浅析日本为什么会采取先北上侵占满蒙的“大陆政策”，而后又南下太平洋的“海洋政策”，并且把大陆政策置于优先目标。日本侵华的“大陆政策”、“海洋政策”，其实是受西方地缘政治学陆权理论、海权理论的影响。

(一)陆权理论

西方地缘政治学首先诞生在德国。1795年，德国哲学家康德在他的《论永久和平》一书中提出一种世界政府的设想。康德认为，欧洲的联合将是世界联合的第一步。地理学家弗雷德里克·拉采尔被认为是现代政治地理学的创建人。他强调“地理法则”，规定了空间和位置对国家的影响，认为国家是一个空间性的有机体。人及国家的活动、特性、命运都是位置、大小、高度、边界和空间的产物。并认为，人需要有大的空间以及有效地利用大空间的能力，这将是20世纪

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