本科毕业设计-大学生通过联想记忆词汇的方法

Abstract

Learning words is one of essential parts in learning English. Wilkins (1972) once said: without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. It exemplified the importance of vocabulary in learning a foreign language. A survey in memorizing English words shows that college students have many problems. While studies on memorizing English words are particularly few in China. With the guidance of memory clues and the traits of words, this thesis points out the relationship between memory and association, expatiates upon the basic theory of association memory, and reviews the relative studies on association memory methods conducted in China. Based on the review, this thesis puts forward specific association memory methods by resorting to the sound, form and meaning of English words, and aims at advocating the actual application of association memory methods in words learning process to cope with students’ problems of memorizing English words and improve word-learning effectively.

Key Words: college students; memorizing words; memory; association memory

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中文摘要

学习单词是英语学习的一个重要部分。曾有威尔金斯（1972）说：“没有语法只能传达很少的信息，没有词汇则什么也无法表达”足以说明词汇在外语学习中的重要性。在大学生英语词汇记忆方法调查中发现他们的词汇学习中存在很多问题。然而目前在我国对词汇学习策略的研究甚少。本论文以记忆规律和词汇本身的特点为依据，阐述了记忆与联想的关系，论述了联想记忆的基本理论；回顾了我国在联想记忆词汇方面的相关研究，并在此基础上，针对单词本身特点提出英语单词的发音、词形、含义的联想记忆方法，旨在提倡联想记忆方法在词汇学习过程的实际应用，用以解决学生词汇记忆的问题，提高词汇学习效率。

关键词：大学生；记忆单词；记忆；联想记忆

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1. Introduction

Words are a basic part of a language, which are the backbone and essence of a language. Without memorizing words, no matter how familiar the learners are with grammar, how accurately they can pronounce, they can not use them and communicate with others by them. Lexical competence is at the heart of communicative competence, and can be a prediction of school success (Verhallen and Schoonen), which indicates the importance of vocabulary. The famous British linguist, Wilkins (1972) once said: without grammar, very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed. It is widely quoted to emphasize the great importance of learning words. Allen (1983) assumed that “lexical problems frequently interfere with communication, but communication will break down when people do not use the right words”. However, Zhang Dengzhi (2002) said, word memorization is the headache problem for Chinese college students in their English learning.

There are many difficulties in learning words. Words have too many meanings and are productive, which results in students’ small vocabulary. When they reach a high level of mastering and applying the words, they still feel in want of learning vocabulary. Memorizing words is the headache problem for most college students, who usually learn the words by rote. So the key to the problems is to straight out an effective method of memorizing words. And we will carry out an experiment on the effectiveness of memorizing English words.

The organization of the thesis is as follows:

Chapter One talks about the importance of words and the difficulties of learning words, and introduces the organization of the thesis.

Chapter Two analyzes the current situation and does experiment on college students’ learning English words, and points out the necessity of applying association memory for college students.

Chapter Three explains in detail theoretical basis of the association memory and the relationships between association and memory.

Chapter Four analyzes the specific association memory according to the features of English words.

Chapter Five offers a summary of all the previous chapters and provides the present study as well as the direction for further research.

2. Probe into the College Students’ Learning Words

2.1 Analysis of the college students’ current situation of memorizing words

Usually college students should have a demand of not less 4000 words, which can be used to deal with assignments and class. What’s more, to communicate with the others, and to pass some English examinations to get various certificates. The current fact is that most college students are poor in spelling and lack of interest, motivation, culture and study environment that affect their English learning. But, I believe that the poor way of memory resulting in a lack of vocabulary capability is the main factor that limits college students’ improving their English learning. If students have set up a large vocabulary, they can understand in reading and listening, and express themselves freely and easily. Vocabulary plays an indispensable role in English learning.

2.2 Experiment on the methods of memorizing English words in college

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