本科毕业设计-大学生通过联想记忆词汇的方法(3)

The Greeks found that human memory is considerably an associative process that works through linking things together. For instance, when an orange comes across the students’ mind, immediately the object emerges into their mind, which enables them to recall the shape, color, taste and smell of that fruit; all these things are associated in their memory with the word orange. In fact, they remember things by association that helps store and retrieve new information by deliberately comparing it with something they know or understand very well.

Scientific research has showed that association is the basis for memory. The famous biologist Ivan Pavlov pointed out: memory is the product of associating the old and new knowledge through association. American psychologist William James has said: the secret of memory is on the basis of the various types of information that we want to remember to carry out a variety of associations, and these associations have become the hook all kinds of information, as long as the information emerges into mind, we can associate such a hook out of the data. Association memory refers to learners through a lot of way of association, so that the knowledge is to be a vivid memory, visualization, establishing a link between the old and new knowledge through the association, which is very impressive to the learners, so as to achieve the goal of mastering the new knowledge via the old one, and memorize quickly. In addition, the methods of association memory not only can enhance memory, improve efficiency, but also can develop people\'s left-brain, enhance imagination and creativity.

3.3 The Principle of association memory

According to biologist Ivan Pavlov, language is not only the product of cognitive development but also the tool to understand the world. Language memory is a cognitive activity: learners get the information and master it by making most of their cognitive structure, making concept system active in mind and utilizing relative thinking of objects. Vocabulary is one of basic elements of language which is not stored alone but associates with each other in mind. Actually we store the vocabulary by classifications in certain semantic networks and correlated to each other. This can be proved by the fact that the English word can be replaced or interpreted by other similar words. Vocabulary learning is such a process that exiting semantic nets continue to be activated and expanded. When a piece of new information or a new word comes into your mind, it will emerge into the semantic network which has already formed, and every relative element in the network will be involved in that in various forms. Therefore, when we try to memorize a word, we would store, search and retrieve the information about it and build many connections with the current cognitive structure.

In a word, vocabulary learning includes four steps: input, process, store and retrieve. What

is difficult for most learners is that how to process effectively and store and memorize them for a long time. According to the theory of cognitive processing hierarchy, learning a word means to experience at two levels: to process the word form (shallow hierarchy) and to process the word meaning (deep hierarchy).The deeper the processing is, the more permanent the memory will be. Therefore college learners should know the words’ sound, form, meaning and collocation, especially at the input link, at the same time should stress the interest and relevancy of the words in order to have a better understanding about the word.

4. Specific Associating Methods

We know that association memory of English is to make most of words’ relation on sound, form and meaning. And now we need to consider what specific associating methods are carried out in our daily to memorize English new words. For the sake of memory, we college learners should choose the accurate association memory methods according to the traits of the word. This kind of learning strategy is association memory strategy. The English words including information possessed in sound, form and meaning belongs to internal activating factor, while the information between the two or more than two words carried in the common sounds, alike spelling and similar meaning belongs to external activating factors (Yuan Lingli 2005:49). This chapter will focus on three main association memory methods: sound association, word form association and word meaning association. The following are the specific categories:

4.1 Sound association

At present, many learners separate the pronunciation from the morphology of the word, resulting in spelling and pronunciation errors, which clearly affect the quality of their memory of English words. In daily study college students should attach importance to learning English pronunciation rules, and associate word pronunciation with the shape-stabilized combination of phonemes and letters (or letter combination). It is easier for them to pronounce a new word; when they heard a sound of a new word, they can try spelling out the word so as to enhance their memory. For some special pronunciation of the word, they can put these words together in their mind and strive to explore the common. For example, the ‘b’ of ‘-mb’, and ‘-bt’ is not pronounced; when we come into ‘climb’, we can also think of ‘comb’, ‘tomb’, ‘doubt’ and other words.

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