本科毕业设计-大学生通过联想记忆词汇的方法(5)

There are two kinds of synonyms: absolute synonyms and relative synonyms (Zhang Weiyou 2000:105). Actually the absolute synonyms are rare in English. For example, ‘mom’ and ‘mother’ are synonymous, but there are still some differences between them. Relative synonyms can not replace each other under any circumstances, but they can complement each other. For example: When learners mention that ‘many’ of the word, everyone may think of the two English words ‘much’ and ‘many’. Indeed, the two words mean ‘a lot of’, ‘many’ can only be used with countable nouns, eg: ‘many books’, ‘many dogs’ and so on; while ‘much’ can only be used with uncountable nouns, eg: ‘much money’, ‘much food’ and so on. Memory rules and learners of memorizing words prove that memorizing words in isolation does not work effectively. If learner can collect words of similar meaning, compare, draw conclusions and analyze them, they will not only memorize the words quickly, but also improve the use of the words correctly.

4.3.2 Antonymy associaton

Antonyms means words opposite in meaning, which appear in lots of adjectives. The emergence of antonyms is contradictory in language, which have striking contrast in the

language and stimulate signals to the nervus of brain stronger than the ordinary ones. Learners can stimulate lots of reactions. Therefore, when they want to remember some words, the antonyms will come to their mind. In this way, they achieve to keep firmly in mind the antonyms. Verbs, adjectives, adverbs, nouns, pronouns and preposition have their own antonyms. Let us look at the following examples:

Verb: ‘praise’-‘criticize’ Adj: ‘big’-‘small’, ‘long’- ‘short’ Adv: ‘cheaply’-‘expensively’ N: ‘east’-‘west’ Pron: ‘all- none’ Prep: ‘up’- ‘down’

When the learners learn or come across the word of ‘praise’, ‘big’, ‘long’, ‘cheaply’, ‘east’, ‘all’, and ‘up’, they will associate their antonyms and accumulate more words in their learning.

4.3.3 Meronymy association

Meronymy from the Greek words ‘meros’ is a semantic relation used in linguistics. A meronymy denotes a constituent part of, or a member of something. For example, ‘finger’ is a meronymy of ‘hand’ because a finger is part of a hand. Similarly ‘wheel’ is a meronym of ‘automobile’. Many words including a lot of English words can be contained as composed around a number of meaning areas. Therefore, English words can be classified into semantically related parts and fields. For example, the semantic field of ‘fruits’ consist of ‘orange’, ‘apple’, ‘watermelon’, ‘lemon’, ‘banana’, ‘grape’, ‘pineapple’, ‘peach’, ‘mango’, etc; and ‘vegetables’ consist of ‘bean’, ‘potato’, ‘tomato’, ‘mushroom’, ‘cabbage’, ‘celery’, ‘spinach’, etc. Each semantic field consists of many sub-fields. For instance, under family relations are ‘grandparents’, ‘father’, ‘mother’, ‘son’, ‘daughter’, ‘brother’ and ‘sister’. Learners can draw a conclusion that words in each field are semantically related and defined one another. They can associate word in the same semantic field or concerning the same topic in order to enlarge the quantity of words, and this method drives the learners to memorize a group of words via a part or a word.

4.3.4 Collocation association

Collocation association is also one of very important types of links that stimulate the memory of the brain when the learners associate stimulus words. Collocation, the next most common response, involved a word which was likely to be ‘collocated (found together)’ with the stimulus in connected speech, as with ‘black tea’, ‘butterfly net’ and ‘bright blue’. This kind of collocation association just appears in two relevant words. Collocation association is also

used in phrases. For example, when we pick up the phrases concerning ‘word’, such as ‘keep one\'s word’, ‘say the word’, ‘weigh one\'s words’, ‘break one\'s word’, ‘in a word’, ‘beyond words’, ‘have words with’, ‘in other words’ and so on, when one phrase inspire your brain, you will associate many others related to the ‘word’, deepen the impression and distinguish the usage of them, which broaden the scope of knowledge. However, each method has its own features; therefore learners should take advantage of each other according the features of the word before they choose and apply them. In a word, where there are common words, they can identify its relative features, and then compare, perceive, identify and associate from the point to plane, and have a thoroughly understanding of learning new word connecting familiar word finally.

5. Conclusion

As we all know, learning words is vital to learning language, especially from the viewpoints of current college students, who often pay much attention to the issues such as how to learn English words and how to memorize them firmly. But the serious situation needed to handle still exists in college, many college students still have small vocabulary, lack effective memory methods and still exert rote learning, so it is very difficult for them to broaden the scope of English word and memorize the word firmly, let alone get high scores in the examinations and certificates.

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