Does Happiness Lead to Success幸福的人更容易成功吗(21)

MPQagencypositiveemotionalityMPQcommunalpositiveemotionality

MPQagencypositiveemotionalityMPQcommunalpositiveemotionality

MPQagencypositiveemotionalityAttributionalStyleQuestionnaireExperienceandexpressionofpositiveemotiononthejobExperienceandexpressionofpositiveemotiononthejobExperienceandexpressionofpositiveemotiononthejob

IndexofPsychologicalWell-BeingIndexofPsychologicalWell-Being

ProportionofsecondinterviewsSupervisoryevaluationsSupervisoryevaluationsSupervisoryevaluationsSupervisoryevaluationsIncomeIncome

UnemploymentIncome

Absenteeism

FinancialsecurityFinancialsecurity

OccupationalattainmentOccupationalattainmentWorkautonomy

Workautonomy

QuarterlyinsurancecommissionsJobautonomy,meaning,andvarietyGrossannualsalaryJudgedcreativitySupervisoryevaluationsSupervisoryevaluations

3months1year4years4.5years5years19years5years5years1–15years5months8years8years8years8years8years8years6monthsto1year1.5years1.5years1.5years3.5years1year

.35.36.27.17.18.03b.04b .02b.03 .36.13.06.19.16.06.13.27.23.24.16.47.46

Correlatedconstruct

Timeperiod

Effectsize

(r)

Socialrelationships

Harker&Keltner,2001aHarker&Keltner,2001aHarker&Keltner,2001aHeadeyetal.,1991aLucasetal.,2003

Marks&Fleming,1999aNeyer&Asendorpf,2001Ruvolo,1998a

(wivessample)Ruvolo,1998a

(wivessample)Ruvolo,1998a

(husbandssample)Ruvolo,1998a

(husbandssample)

Spanier&Furstenberg,1982Stawetal.,1994a

711111126491,7611,322489317317317317180251

FACSDuchennesmileFACSDuchennesmileFACSDuchennesmileLife-as-a-WholeIndexOne-itemhappinessNine-itemSWBindexGeneralSelf-EsteemOne-itemhappinessOne-itemhappinessOne-itemhappinessOne-itemhappiness

Cantril’sLadderScale

Experienceandexpressionofpositiveemotiononthejob

Health

Danneretal.,2001

Deeg&vanZonneveld,1989Devinsetal.,1990Fitzgeraldetal.,2000Friedmanetal.,1993Giletal.,2004aGiletal.,2004aGiletal.,2004a

Grahametal.,inpressa

1802,64597421,1783,5653,5463,5464,455

No.ofpositiveemotionalwordsOne-itemlifesatisfactionLifeHappinessRatingScaleLOT

Cheerfulness-HumorDailyMoodScaleDailyMoodScaleDailyMoodScale

Two-itemresidualhappiness

Mortalityrate

ProbabilityofdyingrelativetopeersSurvival

CHDriskreductionAgeatdeathPain

Hospitalvisits

Emergencyroomvisits

Healthproblemslast30days

Lifetime26–28years4years9monthslifetime2days1day1day5years

.31 .11.15.30b .09 .06b .04b .06b .06b

MaritalsatisfactionMaritalstatusSinglestatus

SatisfactionwithmarriageMaritalstatusMaritalstatus

ClosenesswithallrelationshipsMaritalwell-beingSpouse’smaritalwell-beingMaritalwell-beingSpouse’smaritalwell-beingRemarriageafterdivorce

Emotionalandtangiblesupportformsupervisors

31years6years22years6years4 years1–15years4years1year1year1year1year2.5years1.5years

.20.19 .20.30.20.09.19b.30.15.28.40.16.25b

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