Does Happiness Lead to Success幸福的人更容易成功吗(26)

积极心理学的实证研究告诉大家：积极情感的多方面作用,社交,婚姻,健康等。做一个积极向上的人吧

BENEFITSOFFREQUENTPOSITIVEAFFECT

817

Table3

StudyInformationandEffectSizesforSixCategoriesofExperimentalResearch

Study

n

Affectinduction

Comparisongroups

Dependentvariable

Effectsize

(r)

Positiveperceptionsofselfandothers

Baron,1987Baron,1987Baron,1990aBaron,1990aBaron,1993

Baronetal.,1992(Study1)Baronetal.,1992(Study1)Baronetal.,1992(Study3)aBaronetal.,1992(Study3)aBarsade,2002aBrown,1984Brown,1984

Clark&Waddell,1983Griffitt,1970

Hom&Arbuckle,1988Samson&Rachman,1989Sarasonetal.,1986(Study2)Schuettler&Kiviniemi,inpressaWright&Mischel,1982Wright&Mischel,1982

7171808092919180809361614540318460507272

FalsefeedbackFalsefeedbackFragranceFragrance

Recallevent(s)LightingLightingGiftGift

ConfederateroleplayingVeltenVeltenFalsefeedbackTemperatureRecallevent(s)MusicandthoughtSelf-descriptiontaskVelten

Recallevent(s)Recallevent(s)

Positivevs.negativeandcontrol

Positivevs.negativeandcontrol

Positivevs.controlPositivevs.controlPositivevs.negativeHighilluminancevs.lowilluminanceHighilluminancevs.lowilluminancePositivevs.controlPositivevs.controlPositivevs.negativePositivevs.negativePositivevs.negativePositivevs.controlExtremeheatvs.normaltemperatureHappyvs.sadHappyvs.sad

Positivevs.negativeself-feelings

Positivevs.negativePositivevs.negativePositivevs.negative

LikeabilityofaccompliceJudgmentofwhetheremployeematchesjobrequirementsSelf-efficacySelf-setgoals

Overallevaluationofaccompliceforjob

OverallratingofemployeeHiringdecision

JudgmentofwhetherhypotheticalemployeedeservesmeritraiseJudgmentofwhetherhypotheticalemployeedeservespromotionPerceivedtaskperformanceCertaintyoffuturesuccess

Attributionofsuccessestostablecauses

Recallofpositiveaspectsofpastexperiences

InterpersonalattractionGoalsettingSelf-efficacy

Positiveself-referencesSelf-efficacyregardinghealthSatisfactionwithperformanceRecallofpastsuccesses

.44.43.16.22.17.53.34.23.21.21.73.26.36.33.48.28.39.43.64.75

Sociabilityandactivity

Cunningham,1988a(Study1)aCunningham,1988a(Study1)aCunningham,1988a(Study1)aCunningham,1988bCunningham,1988bHirtetal.,1996

McMillenetal.,1977(Study1)Murrayetal.,1990(Study3)Waugh&Fredrickson,2003

1021021027777194278594

VeltenVeltenVelten

Falsefeedbackandvideotape

FalsefeedbackandvideotapeVelten

Falsefeedback

Veltenandfilmclip(s)Filmclip(s)

Elatedvs.neutralanddepressed

Elatedvs.neutralanddepressed

Elatedvs.neutralanddepressed

Positivevs.negativePositivevs.negativePositivevs.negativeandcontrol

Positivevs.negativePositivevs.neutralAmusedvs.neutral

InterestinbeingwithfriendsInterestinsocialactivitiesInterestinleisureactivitiesHighself-disclosureTotalcommunication

Interestincategory-sortingtaskAttentive

Intrinsicinterest

Perceivedrelationshipcloseness

.20.31.33.44.53.56.71.74.27

Negotiationandconflictresolution

Baron,1990aBaron,1990aBaron,1990a

Baronetal.,1990(Study2)aBaronetal.,1990(Study2)aBaronetal.,1990(Study2)aBaronetal.,1992(Study2)*

80808016161672

FragranceFragranceFragranceHumorFlatteryFlatteryLighting

Positivevs.controlPositivevs.controlPositivevs.controlHumorvs.controlFlatteryvs.controlFlatteryvs.controlWarmvs.coollighting

MoremonetaryconcessionsResolvinginterpersonalconflictthroughavoidance

Resolvinginterpersonalconflictthroughcompetition

Preferencetoresolveconflictthroughavoidance

Preferencetoresolveconflictthroughavoidance

Preferencetoresolveconflictthroughcollaboration

Resolvinginterpersonalconflictthroughcollaboration

.23 .23 .23 .50 .50.50.29

(tablecontinues)

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