Does Happiness Lead to Success幸福的人更容易成功吗(19)

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BENEFITSOFFREQUENTPOSITIVEAFFECT

813

Table1(continued)

Study

n

Happiness/PAmeasure

Physicalwell-beingandcoping(continued)

McCrae&Costa,1986(Study1)McCrae&Costa,1986(Study1)Mishra,1992a

Pettitetal.,2001a

Pettitetal.,2001aPettitetal.,2001a

Riddick,1985(malesample)Riddick,1985(femalesample)Røysambetal.,2003aRøysambetal.,2003aStoneetal.,1987Stoneetal.,1994

Stones&Kozma,1986aSullivanetal.,2001

Valdimarsdottir&Bovbjerg,1997(withdailyNA)

Valdimarsdottir&Bovbjerg,1997(nodailyNA)

Vitalianoetal.,1998aWatson,1988a

Watson,1988aWatson,1988aWatson,2000Watson,2000

Watsonetal.,1992a(Study1)Watsonetal.,1992a(Study2)Weinglert&Rosen,1995Zinseretal.,1992

2542547201401401408067536,5766,5763096408105262242808080354354851277122

Bradburn’sScalesBradburn’sScales

IndexofLifeSatisfactionPANAS

PANASPANAS

LifeSatisfactionIndexLifeSatisfactionIndexSWBIndexSWBIndex

NowlisMoodAdjectiveChecklistPANASMUNSHPANAS

ProfileofMoodStates

ProfileofMoodStatesUplifts-Hassles

10-itemPAScale(daily,over6–8weeks)

10-itemPAScale(daily,over6–8weeks)

PositiveEmotionalityScale(daily)PositivetemperamentPositivetemperament

PANAS(weekly,over13weeks)PANAS(daily,over6–7weeks)PositivemoodchecklistMoodAdjectiveCheckListCreativityandproblemsolving

Kashdanetal.,2004(Study2)Kashdanetal.,2004(Study2)Richards&Kinney,1990Schuldberg,1990

Schwartzetal.,2002(Sample1)Schwartzetal.,2002(Sample2)Schwartzetal.,2002(Sample3)Schwartzetal.,2002(Sample4)Schwartzetal.,2002(Sample5)Schwartzetal.,2002(Sample6)Shapiro&Weisberg,1999Staw&Barsade,1993aStawetal.,1994a

2142144833482721004017522205283272

PANASactivatedPANASactivated

DiagnosisofmanicperiodsHypomanictraitsSHSSHSSHSSHSSHSSHS

GeneralBehaviorInventory(hypomanicplusbiphasic)Three-measurecompositeofpositiveaffectivity

Experienceandexpressionofpositiveemotiononthejob

ExplorationstrivingsAbsorptioninactivitiesCreativeepisodesCreativity

MaximizingtendenciesMaximizingtendenciesMaximizingtendenciesMaximizingtendenciesMaximizingtendenciesMaximizingtendenciesTraitcreativity

JudgedmanagerialperformanceJudgedcreativity

.44.33.41.25 .21 .34 .17 .10 .28 .17.33.20.30

CopingeffectivenessMaturecoping

Overallactivitylevel

PresenceandseverityofmedicalconditionsCigaretteuseAlcoholintakeLeisureactivitiesLeisureactivitiesGlobalhealth

Musculoskeletalpain

SecretoryIgAantibodyactivityAntibodyactivityGlobalhealth

Self-reportedphysicalhealthNKcellactivityNKcellactivityNKcellactivity

DailyphysicalcomplaintsDailyphysicalexercisePhysicalexercise

InjuryvisitstohealthcenterIllnessvisitstohealthcenterWeeklysocialactivityWeeklysocialactivitySomaticsymptomsUrgestosmoke

.27.26.61 .26 .24 .22.37.44.50 .25.44.05.19b.230.64.05.26 .18.12.12.12.15.36.39 .10 .38

Correlatedconstruct

Effectsize

(r)

Note.PA positive;PANAS PositiveandNegativeAffectSchedule;MPQ MultidimensionalPersonalityQuestionnaire;SWLS SatisfactionWithLifeScale;HM HappinessMeasure;MUNSH MemorialUniversityofNewfoundlandScaleofHappiness;SHS SubjectiveHappinessScale;LOT LifeOrientationTest;MAACL MultipleAdjectiveAffectChecklist;SWB SubjectiveWell-Being;FACS FacialActionCodingSystem;NEO Neuroticism/Extraversion/OpennessScale;ER emergencyroom.

Subscriptaindicatesthatthestudyappearsinmorethanonesectionortable.Subscriptbindicatesthattheeffectsizewascalculatedcontrollingforoneormoreothervariables.

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